崇祯帝为什么在国家无法负担起两线战争的时候,却不愿执行攘外必先安内的政策?
推荐回答(5个)
一开始,崇祯帝还是执行攘外必先安内的政策,并且一度达到了很好的效果(农民军后来死灰复燃是另外话题)。
因为满人几次绕过锦宁防线,通过蒙古高原南下,甚至到皇城下耀武扬威,还扫荡过河北、山东,如入无人之境。这样整个首都时常暴露在满人武装之下,北京的防务压力极大。
如此,出现了三个问题。一是“天子守边”,不利于帝国的稳定;二是12位先帝的寝陵在昌平,一旦被敌人糟蹋,崇祯帝负不起这个责任;三是制定政策的社会精英绝大部分在首都,他们的生命财产受到威胁,自然不干。
领导集团的意见于是空前一致:全国财力、兵力高度集中对付满人。
崇祯13年,满清重兵围困锦州,企图将战事推到山海关一线。朝廷钦令宿将洪承畴带兵支援。洪步步为营,意在拖跨敌人。而在北京的中央官员决意速战速决,命令洪主动出战。14年7月,洪被迫进兵松山,被敌人围点打援,十万精兵被歼,洪降满。
自此,明帝国又要回个头来内外作战(此时农民军更加壮大了),不到三年,遂亡矣。
总结:由于满清骚扰了京畿,皇帝、大臣都不安,一致认为有必要先摆平满清,后剿灭造反队伍。
已经走在绝路上,回头也难。
为剿流寇,崇祯先用杨鹤主抚,后用洪承畴,再用曹文诏,再用陈奇瑜,复用洪承畴,再用卢象升,再用杨嗣昌,再用熊文灿,又用杨嗣昌,十三年中频繁更换围剿农民军的负责人。这其中除熊文灿外,其他都表现出了出色的才干。然皆功亏一溃。“闯王”李自成数次大难不死,后往河南聚众发展。
无奈积重难返,时天下饥馑,疫疾大起,各地民变不断爆发,北方皇太极又不断骚扰入侵,加上明思宗求治心切,生性多疑,刚愎自用,因此在朝政中屡铸大错:前期铲除专权宦官,后期又重用宦官;中后金反间计,自毁长城,冤杀袁崇焕。崇祯十七年(1644)明王朝面临没顶之灾。崇祯十七年(1644)正月,崇祯帝召见阁臣时悲叹道:“朕非亡国之君,事事皆亡国之象。祖宗栉风沐雨之天下,一朝失之,何面目见于地下。朕愿督师,亲决一战,身死沙场无所恨,但死不瞑目耳。”在大臣反对之下未能下决心迁都南京,后李自成攻入北京,崇祯帝逼周后自杀,手刃袁妃、乐安公主、昭仁公主,后在景山歪脖树上自缢身亡。时年35岁。身边仅有司礼监太监王承恩陪同。上吊死前于蓝色袍服上大书“朕凉德藐躬,上干天咎,然皆诸臣误朕。朕死无面目见祖宗,自去冠冕,以发覆面。任贼分裂,勿伤百姓一人”。
崇祯没有真正明白攘外必先安内这句话,也可以说崇祯不明白中国的地理,我中国的地理决定了,大明只要守住山海关就能挡住满清,满清不可能绕过山海关进军北京取天下,只能绕过山海关骚扰北京附近城镇抢夺些财物,只要对北方取守势,再倾大明举国之力进军陕西围剿流寇,不惜一切代价哪怕把陕西一省杀的十室九空也在所不惜
其实崇祯的情况虽然糟糕,比起万历嘉靖后期来却也没坏到非完蛋不可的地步 。虽然论工作态度崇祯比前两者勤奋得多,但是在政治手腕和眼光气度上,他比前两者要差得多,没有政治才能又勤奋,真是最要命的,所谓越忙越糟是也。
最主要是疑心病太重
不会用人 (有能人 有的也用了 但总不能贯彻始终)
再说皇太极和多尔衮都不笨
这么千载难逢的机会怎么会放过
想求和也难呀
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