急求<city light>英语影评

City Lights (1931), subtitled "A Comedy Romance in Pantomime," is generally viewed as Charlie Chaplin's greatest film - a "silent film" released three years after the start of the talkies era of sound. The melodramatic film, a combination of pathos, slapstick and comedy, was a tribute to the art of body language and pantomime - a lone hold-out against the assault of the talking film.

It was well known that Chaplin preferred the silent art form to the advent of sound films. Chaplin was responsible for the film's production, direction, editing, music, and screenplay (although assisted by Harry Crocker, Henry Bergman, and Albert Austin). The episodic film includes a complete musical soundtrack and various sound effects - but no speech or dialogue. Incredibly, Chaplin's film was not nominated for a single Academy Award - to the pro-talking film Academy members, it must have appeared to be reversing the trend toward talkies and advanced sound films.

The tale of blind love again presents the famous Little Tramp character - an outcast, homeless man with his baggy pants, tight coat, cane, large shoes and small hat who first appeared in 1914 (and gave his final appearance in Modern Times (1936)). This 'silent' film is the quintessential Chaplin film - with superb examples of Chaplin's (the Tramp's) acting and artistic genius.

The film's theme concerns the consequences (and suffering) resulting from the Tramp's attachment and efforts to aid a blind girl (and restore her sight with money for an operation) and a millionaire, as he persuades both of them that life is worth living. Both characters cannot "see" him or recognize him for what he is. However, the Tramp functions as a savior and wish-fulfiller for the blind flower girl while masquerading as a wealthy duke. For the drunk millionaire, the Tramp repeatedly saves the man's life and provides a congenial friend.

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CITY LIGHTS (United Artists, 1931), written, directed and starring Charlie Chaplin (1889-l977), is a silent comedy-drama released at the height of the sound era. Distributing a movie in the silent film tradition at the time when silents were considered a fad, Chaplin gambled with this production, and made it pay off. Although Chaplin hails THE GOLD RUSH (1925) as the one movie he would most want to be remembered, CITY LIGHTS nearly dims out his GOLD RUSH and at the same time, practically places his other silent masterpiece, THE CIRCUS (1928) to oblivion. CITY LIGHTS, along with his aforementioned features, has stood the test of time, balancing perfectly a mixture of comedy and drama, but in Chaplin's case, pathos.

CITY LIGHTS, subtitled, "A comedy romance in pantomime," begins in the early morning where the mayor is dedicating the unveiling of a statue to the citizens of the city. After the unveiling, the crowd finds a little tramp (Charlie Chaplin) sleeping on the lap of one of the figures. As he tries to climb down, he encounters one problem after another. This opening scene alone is pricelessy. With such a funny opening, it would seem impossible to top that. But Chaplin does with several more comedic insertions blended into the plot.

The theme to CITY LIGHTS is remembered mainly about a tramp's love for a blind girl. However, there is a subplot, involving the tramp's involvement with a millionaire drunk, which, by far, takes up more screen time than the sentimental love story involving the blind girl. These two segments actually set the pattern to the story. First segment, which takes place in the afternoon, finds Charlie walking down the street, examining a nude statue in a shop, being annoyed by some newsboys making fun of his tattered clothing, and encountering a beautiful blonde girl (Virginia Cherrill) selling flowers. After she drops one of her flowers, Charlie notices her feeling about the sidewalk for it, thus, realizing she is blind. Smitten by her beauty, he picks up the flower and pays her for it. Shortly afterwards, the slamming of a door of a limousine is heard, with the girl believing the kind gentleman, Charlie, to be a millionaire. Second segment, which takes place later that night, finds Charlie encountering a drunk (Harry Myers) who is trying to commit suicide by drowning himself. Just as Charlie is about to save him, he in turn falls into the river. The drunk, in gratitde for saving his life, takes Charlie under his wing and has him accompany him for a night on the town at various night clubs. By morning, the millionaire becomes sober and fails to recognize or remember Charlie. Because of this, he orders his butler to escort this stranger out of his mansion. This running gag with the millionaire drunk by night and sober by day and failing to recognize Charlie as his friendly companion might play itself as quite repetitive at times, and is, but Chaplin manages to breathe new life and funnier routines with his encounters with the drunk during their all night binges and partying. As for Charlie, by day, he looks after the blind girl, worries about her when she is not at her usual corner selling flowers. Finding out that the girl is ill and that her grandmother (Florence Lee), is behind with her rent money and threatened with eviction, Charlie offers his help by obtaining and losing various jobs to provide for them, ranging from streetcleaning to fighting in a boxing match, which turns out to be fixed. Reading in a newspaper about a doctor in Europe who might be able to restore sight for the blind, Charlie gives the girl @1,000 for an operation, the money offered to him by the drunken millionaire. Charlie later finds himself accused of robbing the millionaire, now sober, and following his arrest, serves some jail time. The fadeout, CITY LIGHT's most famous scene, is the most poignant ever achieved by Chaplin, and is not to be missed.

Featured in the supporting cast are Henry Bergman, Allan Garcia, Albert Austin, and Hank Mann. While much has been discussed about Chaplin's performance, his co-star, Virginia Cherrill, as the blind girl (no name given), should not go without mention. Even though her future film career consisted of forgettable programmers, and at one time being one of the future wives of film actor, Cary Grant, her performance is excellent by all means, in spite of rumors of her being difficult to handle during production. Although it's been said that future film star Jean Harlow (1911-1937) appears as an unbilled extra in the night club sequence, she is visible in a surviving still photograph, but no such scene seems to appear in the finished product. Chances are that since this movie was reportedly in production for almost two years, the night club sequences with Harlow seated in the background was either refilmed differently later on or cut from the final print.

Unlike THE GOLD RUSH, CITY LIGHTS had limited showings in revival houses in later years, and was never allowed to be distributed to television. I was first introduced to CITY LIGHTS around 1979 when it played in a popular revival house in New York City called The Regency Theater which was formerly located on Broadway and 67th Street. The one memorable thing about this event is the roars of laughter from its theater packed audience, and I mean theater packed. There was one man, probably a big fan reliving his childhood memories, whose laughter almost drowned out the underscoring of the film. It became obvious that he was having more fun watching this movie than anyone else. Maybe watching this movie in a crowded theater is one way to truly appreciate and experience the feel of silent film comedy, and to think back as to how the audience reacted in same to CITY LIGHTS back in 1931.

After Chaplin's death in December of 1977, CITY LIGHTS, along with his other silent features, were not only resurrected for a new generation to endure, but became readily available on video cassette by the time of Chaplin's 100th birthday, 1989. In later years, CITY LIGHTS was frequently revived on various cable channels, ranging from Turner Network Television (TNT) in the early 1990s, American Movie Classics up to 2001, and also on Turner Classic Movies. The complete musical soundtrack that accompanies CITY LIGHTS happens to be the original score composed to perfection by Chaplin himself. Aside from specific tunes used as themes for certain characters, the use of quackling noises in place of spoken dialogue in the opening segment shows the genius and creativity of Chaplin's work. On the whole, a movie to be seen more than once to fully appreciate what has become recognized as Charlie Chaplin's masterpiece.

Much has been written and said about CITY LIGHTS over the years. To learn more about the making, difficulties and long term preparations to CITY LIGHTS, either watch Kevin Blownlow's 1980 documentary, HOLLYWOOD: A Celebration of the American Silent Film, as narrated by James Mason, or other Brownlow documentaries dedicated entirely to Chaplin's career, which includes not only outtakes to CITY LIGHTS, but scenes involving Virginia Cherrill's temporary replacement, Georgia Hale, Chaplin's co-star in THE GOLD RUSH.

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