作业成本管理实施的现实意义是什么?

2025-04-01 05:33:44
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

作业成本管理实施的现实意义:
ABCM是以作业为成本管理的起点与核心,比之传统的以商品或劳务为中心的成本管理是一次深层次的变革和质的飞跃。
1、适应新经济技术环境的的客观要求。随着全球经济一体化和资本国际化进程的加快,科学技术朝着信息化方向迅猛发展,市场需求的多样化、个性化,现代企业商品生产过程的自动化、信息化以及制造系统的复杂化是当前不可逆转的大趋势。在这种新的经济技术环境下,若继续采用在商品成本中所占比重越来越小的直接人工去分配所占比重越来越大的制造费用,必将导致商品成本信息的严重失真,进而误导企业的战略决策。
而ABCM与传统成本管理的显著区别,在于将企业视作为满足顾客需要而设计的一系列作业的集合体,企业商品凝聚了在各个作业上形成而最终转移给顾客的价值,作业链同时表现为价值链。从而将成本管理的着眼点与重点从传统的“商品”转移到了“作业”,以作业为成本分配对象,这样不仅能够科学合理地分配各种制造费用,提供较为客观的成本信息,而且能够通过作业分析,追根溯源,不断改进作业方式,合理地进行资源配置,实现持续降低成本的目标。因此,ABCM能够很好地适应高新经济技术环境对成本管理的客观要求。
2、有利于加强成本控制。自20世纪80年代以来,现代企业间的市场竞争进入白热化。与此相适应,企业商品通常采用多品种、个性化、小批量的生产经营模式,以适应顾客日新月异的多样化需求。使得传统的以“商品”为管理的核心与起点,以标准成本与实际成本的差异分析及控制为重点的成本管理,日益难以适应这种新的、动态的、不稳定的生产经营环境。
而ABCM则以作业成本为对象,以每一作业的完成及其所耗资源为重点,以成本动因为基础,及时、有效地提供成本控制所需的相关信息。从而可极大地增强管理人员的成本意识,并以作业中心为基础设置成本控制责任中心,将作业员工的奖惩与其作业责任成本控制直接挂钩,充分发挥企业员工的积极性、创造性与合作精神,进而达到有效地控制成本的目的。
3、有利于提高商品的市场竞争能力。随着社会生产的发展和世界经济的一体化,现代企业间的市场竞争也逐渐趋于激烈化和国际化。而我国传统的成本管理模式只注重商品投产后与生产过程相关的成本管理,忽视了投产前商品开发与设计的成本管理,这已愈来愈难适应当代社会经济发展的需要,极大地阻碍了企业商品市场竞争能力的提高。
ABCM则能很好地适应现代企业在激烈的市场竞争中的发展需要,从一开始就特别重视商品设计、研究开发和质量成本管理,力求按照技术与经济相统一的原则,科学合理地配置相对有限的企业资源,不断改进商品设计、工艺设计以及企业价值链的构成,从而提高企业商品的市场竞争能力。

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