若将一个正方体玩具(例如一颗骰子)丢三次,设x为所出现的点数的最大值与最小值,试求x=5的概率。

2025-02-22 15:22:21
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

` 当且仅当掷出的最大值=6,最小值=1时,所出现的点数的最大值与最小值的差x=5
(掷三次必须掷出一个1点和一个6点,另一个可以是1、2、3、4、5、6任意点数)
x=5的概率为
[4*P(3,3)+C(3,1)*2]/6^3
=(24+6)/216
=5/36

或:
1-[4*3*2*P(3,3)+C(4,2)*P(3,2)+1^3*6]/6^3
=1-(144+36+6)/216
=1-186/216
=30/216
=5/36
列举:
111—211—311—411—511—◆611
112—212—312—412—512—◆612
113—213—313—413—513—◆613
114—214—314—414—514—◆614
115—215—315—415—515—◆615
◆116—◆216—◆316—◆416—◆516—◆616
121—221—321—421—521—◆621
122—222—322—422—522—622
123—223—323—423—523—623
124—224—324—424—524—624
125—225—325—425—525—625
◆126—226—326—426—526—626
131—231—331—431—531—◆631
132—232—332—432—532—632
133—233—333—433—533—633
134—234—334—434—534—634
135—235—335—435—535—635
◆136—236—336—436—536—636
141—241—341—441—541—◆641
142—242—342—442—542—642
143—243—343—443—543—643
144—244—344—444—544—644
145—245—345—445—545—645
◆146—246—346—446—546—646
151—251—351—451—551—◆651
152—252—352—452—552—652
153—253—353—453—553—653
154—254—354—454—554—654
155—255—355—455—555—655
◆156—256—356—456—556—656
◆161—◆261—◆361—◆461—◆561—◆661
◆162—262—362—462—562—662
◆163—263—363—463—563—663
◆164—264—364—464—564—664
◆165—265—365—465—565—665
◆166—266—366—466—566—666
丢三次所有可能的情况共6*6*6=216种,其中x=5(带◆号)的共30个.
x=5的概率是30/216=5/36

回答2:

X可取值0,1,2,3,4,5
要出现X=5的情况,三次投掷中必须至少出现一次1和一次6,另一次出现的数任意。
三次投掷的结果有6*6*6种,如果让1和6出现在第一次和第二次的投掷中,则2*6种,同理,
让1和6出现在第一次和第三次,第二次和第三次,也是有2*6种。所以P(X=5)=3*2*6/(6*6*6)=1/6

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