推荐回答(2个)
目前市场上的木材种类花样繁多。
1、紫檀木:在各种硬木中紫檀木质地最为细密,木材的份量最重,木纹不明显。紫檀木的木花放在白酒中,木花将立即分解成粉红色,且与酒形成较粘的胶状物,倾倒时能连成线,这是鉴别紫檀木的有效方法。
2、黄花梨:这种材料颜色不静不喧,恰到好处,纹理或隐或现,生动多变。花梨木颜色从浅黄到紫赤,木质坚实,花纹精美,成八字型,锯解时芳香四溢,中国海南产的花梨木最佳,其显著特点是花纹面上有鬼脸,即树结子为最佳,花粗色淡者为低。另一特点是其心材和边材差异很大,其心材红褐至深红褐或紫红褐色,深浅不匀,常带有黑褐色条纹。
3、鸡翅木:新鸡翅木木质粗糙,紫黑相间,纹理浑浊不清,僵直无旋转之势,且木丝有时容易翘裂、起茬。老鸡翅木肌理细致紧密,紫褐色深浅相间成文。
4、铁力木:在几种硬木中长的最高大,价值又较低廉。铁力木有时有花纹,似鸡翅木而较粗,过去家具商曾用它冒充鸡翅木出售。铁力木是较大的常绿乔木,树干直立,高可十余丈,直径达丈余。原产东印度。我国两广皆有分布:木质坚硬耐久,心材暗红色,色泽及纹理略似鸡翅木,质糙纹粗,棕眼显著。在热带多用于建筑,广东用来制造家具,极经久耐用。
5、红木:红木是继黄花梨、紫檀以后采用量最多最贵重的优质硬木,其品种和名称多达几十种:如酸枝、红木、老红木、新红木、香红木、红豆木、花梨木、新花梨木、老花梨木等。近年来还有:巴西红木、泰国红木、缅甸红木、老挝花梨、越南花梨等。
6、榉木:木材坚致,色泽兼美,用途极广,颇为贵重,其老龄木材带赤色故名“血榉”。又叫红榉。它比一般木材坚实,但不能算是硬木,。
7、榆木:榆木亦称“白榆”,广布性树种,产于我国的平原地区,纹理直,花纹较大,结构稍粗,棕眼显著,质地较软,归为柴木或叫软木类。易于加工和雕刻。
9、杉木:颜色呈白色或淡黄色,木纹平直,结构细致耐朽,易加工。
欲辨别木材,可以从两个方面着手:一个是利用树木的花果叶特征进行识别,主要适用于树木生活生长阶段。一个是利用木材构造特征(宏观或微观)进行识别,主要适用于在树木采伐后直至加工和利用的阶段。 有三个网站,可能对从花果叶角度识别树木有一定帮助:中国数字植物标本馆http://www.cvh.org.cn/;中国植物图像库http://www.plantphoto.cn/;中国植物志http://frps.plantphoto.cn/index.asp
网上有个木材识别查询系统,适用于在树木采伐后直至加工和利用的阶段。但这个查询系统不是太好用,仅供参考:
http://210.36.18.53/mucai1000/hpy/index.htm
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