你们还知道那些民族风俗

2025-04-01 11:20:05
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

山东民俗文化由古至今,因移民、交通、外出谋职等原因,不断发生地域之间的交流,表现于民俗演变,形成了吸收与开放兼有的态势。
因移民而带来的民俗文化对山东民俗产生了深刻影响。明初推行"移民宽乡"的民垦政策,从明洪武二年到永乐年间大批移民由山西洪洞县大槐树迁至山东、德州、滨州、聊城、泰安、菏泽、济宁一带,其中一部分又先后由滨州一带东迁。这样,山西移民几乎遍布山东各地。山西民俗影响山东,如寒食节不生火做饭。鲁西北数县居民(今聊城一带),许多是明代初年由直隶(今河北省)枣强县移民而来,他们居信的地方,年画、泥玩具等民间艺术品,至今与枣强风格相近。明初由四川移民到山东的多集中在莱州,因此,莱州风俗多有与东邻不相同,还有许多市地有移民至山东各地,民俗也各异。
元、明、清三代繁盛一时的京杭大运河沿岸的码头城镇,如山东地段的德州、临清、聊城(东昌)、济宁等,受南北漕运影响,风俗与山东其它地区多有不同。这些城镇中大多都有一个竹竿巷,集中了江南常见的竹编店铺,街面上开设的茶馆,其铺面格局,卖茶、饮茶大致相同。济宁的玉堂酱园由苏州沿运河迁入,其产品至今保持着江南风格,并且仍用"姑苏老店"的招牌。
外出谋职带来民俗文化交流的典型事例,当数历史上的山东人下关东,或称"闯关东"。山东人下关东大致有两种不同类型:一种是携家移住东北家村和山区,带有逃荒性质,俗谓"被逼无奈闯关东";一种是家在山东,但大半生在东北做生意,俗称"住地场"。他们将山东的风俗带去东北,又将东北的习俗携回山东。长期的交流使两地的民俗文化有了许多相似之处,特别是一些内容相同的民间故事,如秃尾巴老李和人参的故事等,在山东与东北同样广泛流传。山东风俗受东北影响以胶东最为突出。

回答2:

在同一方言区内,不同府、县的民间信仰又有所差异。以闽南方言区为例:保生大帝、开漳圣王陈元光及其部将辅顺将军马仁、辅胜将军李伯瑶、辅义将军倪圣芳、辅仁将军沈毅的宫庙在漳州府属各县较多,广泽尊王信仰以泉州、南安最盛,清水祖师在安溪、永春、德化影响较大,青山公在惠安县拥有最多的信徒。其它方言区的情况也大致如此,各府、州、县都有自己的保护神。

在同一县内,每个铺、境、村落都奉祀一个或若干个特定的神灵作为保护神,旧称境主、福主、土主、社神等。以泉州为例,旧时泉州城分为36铺94境,铺有铺主,境有境神,共有大小神庙130多座,奉祀着100多尊神灵。境主神的神庙由居住在该境的百姓捐资合建,各种宗教活动也由该境的百姓参加,抬神出游一般不能越出本境地界。

(四)可塑性

民俗是人民群众在长期的社会生产和生活中逐渐形成的,其一般的内容与形式,对绝大多数社会成员来说,具有无形的约束力,即所谓“约定俗成”。但在具体的民俗活动中,在操作上并非整齐划一的,有着一定的可塑性,一般可繁可简,人们可以根据自己的需要与可能进行取舍选择。福建民俗繁简程度的差别相当大,一般说来,经济比较发达的地区,各种仪礼比经济不发达的地区繁缛,达官贵人、富豪之家比贫穷之家讲究排场。以婚丧喜庆为例:自唐至清,“六礼”作为基本的婚姻礼俗普遍为百姓所接受,但在具体操作过程中差别很大,达官贵人、富豪之家严格遵循“六礼”,仪礼繁琐。而平民百姓则不那么严格,往往将纳采和问名合而为一,将纳征和请期合而为一,同时简化迎亲礼节。贫穷之家的婚礼则更加简化,甚至在除夕之夜草草合房者也大有人在。又如福建绝大多数地方盛行厚葬之俗,闽南地区更甚,俚语有“生在苏杭,死在闽南”之说。但闽南地区的不同市县,或同一市县的不同乡村、同一乡村的不同人家,丧葬礼俗的繁简程度存在着很大的差异。又如寿诞,富贵之家除了大摆宴席,祝寿请客外,还要演戏助兴。而寻常百姓之家无力大操大办,贫穷之家更不敢奢望举行寿诞之礼,能煮碗寿面招待客人就算不错了,不少人甚至终生没做过一次寿诞。类似的情况在福建的民俗中普?

回答3:

参观孔府、孔林、孔庙,祭祀孔子孟子,等等。

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