反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。例如:
He speaks English, doesn't he?
Mary won't do it, will she?
Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they?
回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用"Yes, +肯定结构";否定回答用"No, +否定结构"。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如:
-He's a doctor, isn't he?他是医生,对吧?
-Yes, he is.对,他是医生。(No, he isn't.不,他不是医生。)
-He isn't a doctor, is he?他不是医生,对吧?
-Yes, he is.不,他是医生。(No, he isn't.对,他不是医生。)
在使用反意疑问句时,特别要注意以下几点:
1.当动词have作"有"讲时,可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:
He hasn't any sisters, has he?
He doesn't have any sisters, does he?
当have表示其它含义(如:经历、遭受、得到、吃……)讲时,只有一种反意疑问句形式:
You all had a good time, didn't you?
He often has colds, doesn't he?
They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn't they?
2.如果陈述句的谓语动词含有have to, had to时,反意疑问句通常用其适当形式。例如:
We have to get there at 8 a.m. tomorrow, don't we?
They had to take the early train, didn't they?
3. need和dare既可以作情态动词,又可以作实义动词,注意有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:
You needn't hand in your paper today, need you?
You don't need to hand in your paper today, do you?
He dare ask the teacher, daren't he?
He doesn't dare to ask the teacher, does he?
4.如果陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时,也可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:
He used to live in London, usedn't/ didn't he?
5.如果陈述句中出现never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing等含有否定意义的词时,反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。例如:
She seldom goes to the concert, does she?
He has few good reasons for staying, has he?
6.如果陈述句中的主语是不定式短语、动名词短语、从句、everything或nothing时,反意疑问句通常要用it作主语。例如:
To sell/ Selling newspaper was his job, wasn't it?
What he said is true, isn't it?
Everything is all right, isn't it?
7.如果陈述句中的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, each of等时,反意疑问句通常要用they或he作主语。例如:
Somebody borrowed my bike, didn't they/ he?
Each of them passed the exam, didn't they?
No one was hurt, was he/were they?
8.如果陈述句用"I am"时,反意疑问句通常要用"aren't I?"。例如:
I'm late, aren't I?
9.如果陈述句是含有宾语从句的复合句式,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与主句保持一致。例如:
He never said that he would come, did he?
I told that not everyone could do it, didn't I?
但是,如果陈述句是"I don't think (believe, suppose, imagine等)含有宾语从句的复合句式",反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要和从句保持一致,并且要用肯定式。例如:
I don't think the lady can complete the difficult job alone, can she?
I don't believe he knows it, does he?
10.如果陈述句是含有"there be"结构时,反意疑问句要用there,省去主语代词。例如:
There is something wrong with your computer, isn't there?
There won't be any trouble, will there?
11.如果陈述句的谓语是wish时,反意疑问句的谓语动词通常要用may。例如:
I wish to visit your school, may I?
12.如果陈述句是并列句,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与第二个分句保持一致。例如:
Tom isn't a good student, for it is the second time he has been late this week, isn't it?
前面是肯定句的形式，然后是否定形式＋主语
eg: You are a student, aren't you?
He likes reading, doesn't he?
反义疑问句
注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即：
陈述句 + 逗号 + 省略问句 + 问号
You are from America, aren’t you?
注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则（但在祈使句等一些特殊句子中需注意，详细见注意七）
Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he?
注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同
Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he?
注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）
1． this 或that改it，无论是否指人
This is your brother, isn’t it?
2. these或those改they
Those are books ,aren’t they?
3. 不定代词one改one或he
One can’t be always young, can one / he?
4. something、anything、everything和nothing改it
Nothing is serious, is it? (注意为什么后面用is it而不是isn’t it?)
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?
5. everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they或he（任选，但选定后注意单复数形式）
Everyone knows this, don’t they / doesn’t he?
Nobody likes to lose money, does he? (这里最好用he)
6.each of改he或they
Each of the boys had an apple, didn’t he / they?
7. no one, none, neither, either改they 或he
No one came, did they?
8. some of…、none of …改it、they或you（联系上下文或句子）
None of the food was delicious, was it?
Some of the dustmen have come back, haven’t they?
9. 由neither…nor…、not only…but also、both…and…、either…or…、not…but…、…or…、…and…等连接的并列主语，改复数代词
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?
Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they?
10. 由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改it
To learn English well isn’t easy, is it?
Swimming is great fun, isn’t it?
11. the + 形容词表示一类人，改复数代词
The poor had no right (权力) to speak at the time, did they?
12. there 引起的句子（There be句型等），仍用there
There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn’t there?
There are many children in the park, aren’t there?
注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）(初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解)
1. have (有)改have或do
Mary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she?
2. have (有)必须与陈述部分一致
He hasn’t a lot of time, has he?
Miss Green doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?
3. have不做“有”解释，必须用do
They all have a good time, don’t they?
4. have to用do或have
We have to get up early, don’t we / haven’t we?
5. have got to用have
We have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we?
6. had better用should或had
We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we?
7. can’t（不可能，表示推测）根据can’t或的动词选择相应的形式
He can’t be a doctor, is he?
The workers can’t have finished their work, have they?
8. may 用may + 主语 + not （英语中不用mayn’t）
They may be here next week, may they not?
9. must(必须)用needn’t
You must do it today, needn’t you?
10. must(应该)用mustn’t
I must study hard, mustn’t I?
11. mustn’t用must或may
You mustn’t talk like that, must you?
We mustn’t stay here any longer, must we?
12. “must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理
He must be happy, isn’t he?
He must be working hard at the office, isn’t he?
must表示推测时，也有用mustn’t的
He must have been working very hard, mustn’t he?
You must have told Mr Wang the secret, mustn’t you?
13. “must + 完成时”表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加疑问句处理
He must have come yesterday, didn’t he?
You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you?
14. “must + 完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理
You must have studied English for years, haven’t you?
He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasn’t he?
14. 实义动词need和dear用do
He needs help, doesn’t he?
I have never dared to ask him, have I?
15. 情态动词need和dear用need和dear
He dare not say so, dare he?
We need not do it again, need we?
16. needn’t 用need或must
You needn’t go yet, need you?
He needn’t do that, must he?
17. “ would rather + 动词原形”和“would like to + 动词原形”用wouldn’t
He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you?
18. “ought to + 动词原形”用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t
The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
We ought to go there, shouldn’t we?
19. “used to + 动词原形” 用“didn’t + 主语”或“usedn’t + 主语”或“used + 主语 + not”
He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
He used to play football when he was a child , used he not?
注意六、句子中有seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
He is hardly able to swim, is he?
There is little ink in your pen, is there?
no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式)
He has nothing to say, does(n’t) he?
You got nothing from him, did(n’t) you?
注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句
1. I am…改aren’t I
I am your friend, aren’t I?
2. I wish to do sth或I wish I …改may I
I wish to go home, may I?
I wish I were you, may I?
3. 主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致
He says that I did it, doesn’t he?
David wouldn’t go there if it rained, would he?
4. 并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致
Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadn’t she?
5. 表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则
Come here, will you?
Turn off the light, will you?
Do sit down, will you?
6. 表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句，用will you、can you、would you或can’t you、won’t you
Stop talking, can you?
Write down the new words, will you / won’t you?
7. 否定的祈使句用will you或can you
Don’t make a noise, will / can you?
8. Let me …用will you 或may I
Let me help you, may I?
Let me do it, will you?
9. Let’s …表示建议包括听话人在内，用shall we
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
10. let us …表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用will you
Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
11. Let接第三人称宾语时用will you
Let him come in, will you?
12. Let’s not … 用OK或all right
Let’s not go to the party, OK / all right?
13. 感叹句用一般现在时be的形式（故事中用一般过去时be的形式）
What fine weather, isn’t it?
How clever the boy is, isn’t he?
How hard she works, isn’t she?
反义疑问句“特例”小结
反意疑问句的句型结构是:"陈述句+附加问句"。附加问句部分与陈述句部分在人称。时态和数等方面须一致,而且"前否后肯,前肯后否"。在做反意疑问句改写时应特别注意下列情况:
1.陈述句部分的主语是one时,附加问句部分主语正式场合用one,非正式场合用he。例如:
One should do one's best for the work, shouldn't one(he)?
One must do one's duty, needn't one(he)?
2.陈述句部分是I'm...时,附加问句部分常用aren't I?例如:
I'm twelve, aren't I?
I'm a good driver, aren't I?
3.陈述句部分是there be时,附加问句部分也要用there。例如:
There is some milk in the bottle, isn't there?
There are many people in the park on Sunday, aren't there?
4.陈述句部分以let's开头时,附加问句部分要用shall we;若以let us开头时,附加问句部分要用will you?例如:
Let's have a break, shall we?
Let us stop here, will you?
5.陈述句部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,附加问句部分可用he,也可用they。例如:
Everyone knows his own language, doesn't he?
Everybody enjoyed the film, didn't he/they?
6.陈述句部分有never, none, nothing, no等否定词或few, little, hardly等半否定词时,附加问句部分要用肯定形式。例如:
You never read this novel, do you?
Few people can live to 150, can they?
7.当陈述句部分是一个含有从句的主从复合句时,附加问句部分的形式要看主句,其主语及动词都要与主句保持一致。例如:
He says she is a good teacher, doesn't he?
They said the teacher had left, didn't they?
但当主句是I think, I believe等结构时,附加问句部分形式要看从句。例如:
I think she is all right now, isn't she?
I don't believe he is here, is he?
8.陈述句部分是祈使句的否定形式时,附加问句部分常用will you?例如:
Don't make any noise, will you?
1）当陈述部分有否定或半否定词hardly, seldom, few, little, never, no, nobody, nothing, nowhere时，用肯定的反问。
例：She hardly ever speaks to you in English, does she?2）陈述部分以let’s开头，用shall we反问，用let us开头，用will you反问。
例：It is a fine day. Let’s go fishing, shall we?Let us do this job, will you?3）陈述以there be开头，用be there反问。
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