推荐回答(1个)
中学生写作文一般要求先打草稿。《初中语文新课程标准》明确要求:有独立完成写作的意识,注重写作过程中搜集素材、构思立意、列纲起草、修改加工等环节。打草稿是在前期做好搜集素材、构思立意的基础上,然后列纲起草的,只有打好草稿才能在此基础上修改完成一篇优秀作文。事实上很多同学在写作文时,往往不注重打草稿,略加思索即草率下笔成文,如此便很难写出一篇令人满意的作文。写好作文不妨从打草稿开始,须知磨刀不误砍柴工,尤其在平常作文训练时,应该养成打草稿和修改作文的良好习惯。
打草稿并非随意涂画,水到便开沟,应该讲究一定的方法和策略,分部推进,有条不紊地实施。打草稿可以分步骤有序完成:列提纲写两头详重点补细节。
第一步:列提纲。这是打好草稿的第一步。列提纲是将构思立意物化为文字,确立文章的基本框架。提纲犹如建造大厦的图纸,拟写出切实可行的提纲才能确保打草稿的顺利实施,不至于茫然,避免打草稿的随意性,从而提高作文的效率。拟写提纲不求面面俱到,但求提纲挈领,简化头绪。拟写提纲时,须简要回答两个问题:写什么?怎么写?
第二步:写两头。列好提纲后,即可进入打草稿的实施阶段。打草稿时不妨先写文章的两头,即文章的开头和结尾。无论从阅卷者的角度还是从写作者的角度看,开头和结尾都是非常重要的环节。
开头处于文章的醒目处,就好比为乐曲定调,成功与否直接影响整篇作文的得失。万事开头难,写好开头便于引出下文,然后一气呵成,顺理成章。写好开头是打造作文的第一个亮点,打造靓丽的结尾则为作文完美收官。成功的结尾要画龙点睛,切忌画蛇添足。事实上阅卷者十分注重或者习惯于先看作文的两头,然后再看作文的中间主体部分。甚至开头和结尾的成功与否决定了阅卷者是否有耐心阅读的关键。
第三步:详重点。主体部分是打草稿的重点部分,力求内容丰富,形象丰满。打草稿时不妨精心打造一个重点段,你认为哪个事例最典型、最有说服力、最能有力地突出主题,就把这一段作为重点,详细地多写几句。浓墨重彩写好重点段,然后拓展开去,以点带面,铺展开来即可完成作文主体部分的布局。
第四步:补细节。打草稿进行到第三步,应该说作文的基本格局已经形成,基本骨架已经建构起来,第四步可以说是一个润色的细化工程。一方面补充细节描写,完善事件的来龙去脉,通过补充人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理、神态等细节描写,让人物的形象丰满起来,使人物的性格特点更加鲜明;另一方面在文章前后补写相应文段(句),力求前后照应,过渡自然。
按照以上四个步骤打草稿,一篇结构完整、细节丰富的作文雏形便呈现出来,为作文的进一步修改打下基础。
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