推荐回答(2个)
原因一:单纯性甲状腺肿为引起结节性甲状腺肿最常见的病因。病史一般较长,往往在不知不觉中渐渐长大,而于检查时偶然被发现。结节是腺体在增生和代偿过程中发展而成的,大多数呈多结节性甲状腺肿,少数为单个结节性。大部分结节为胶性,其中有因发生出血、坏死而形成囊肿;久病者部分区域内可有较多纤维化或钙化,甚至骨化,由于结节的病理性质不同,它们的大小、坚度、外形不一。甲状腺出血往往有骤发肿痛史,腺内有囊肿样肿块;有胶性结节者,质地较硬;有钙化及骨化者,质地坚硬。
原因二:甲状腺炎1、亚急性甲状腺炎:
结节的大小视病变范围而定,质地常较硬。有典型的病史,包括起病较急,有发热、咽痛及显着甲状腺区疼痛和压痛等表现。急性期,甲状腺摄131碘率降低,显像多呈“冷结节”,血清T3和T4升高,呈“分离”现象,有助于诊断。
2、慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎:
为对称弥漫性甲状腺肿,无结节;有时由于肿大不对称和表面有分叶,可状似结节,硬如橡皮,无压痛。此病起病缓慢,呈慢性发展过程,但与甲状腺癌可同时并发,临床上不易作出鉴别,须引起注意。抗甲状腺球蛋白和微粒体抗体滴度常升高。甲状腺细针穿吸细胞学检查有助诊断。
3、侵袭性纤维性甲状腺炎:
结节坚硬且与腺体外邻近组织粘着固定。起病和发展过程缓慢,可有局部隐痛和压痛,伴以明显压迫症状,其临床表现如甲状腺癌,但局部淋巴结不大,摄131碘率正常或偏低。
原因三:甲状腺腺瘤由甲状腺腺瘤或多发的胶性结节所致。单个或多个,可与甲状腺肿同时并存或单独出现。腺瘤一般呈圆或椭圆形,直径常在3cm以内,质地大多比周围的甲状腺组织为硬,无压痛。在扫描图上示摄131碘功能为正常、增加或减低;甲状腺摄131碘率可正常或偏高。腺瘤发展慢,临床上大多无症状,但部分病人发生功能亢进症状。
引起甲状腺结节的原因,主要有两个方面,第一个就是长期的摄碘过多,另外就是长期的,碘摄入不足,这两个原因都会导致甲状腺结节的发生,因为碘摄入过多和碘摄入不足,都可以导致甲状腺的增生,所以,这两个情况都可以导致甲状腺结节的产生。
如果说是由于碘摄入过多,导致的甲状腺结节,对饮食方面的要求,就是要忌碘饮食,忌碘饮食就是指不要吃含碘的食盐,不要吃海鲜。因为海鲜里面富含碘剂,会加重甲状腺结节的病情,另外就是如果是碘摄入不足,而导致的甲状腺结节,就要适当的进行碘的补充。
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