推荐回答(2个)
应该是范西屏吧,当然是个人的看法啦。
问题:可惜到清末,中国棋界已经没有范施这样的大家了。
陈祖德:清初的棋水平很高,后来,国家衰败了,棋的水平随之下滑。清末的棋与清初相比要差两子以上,至于民国到建国初期基本上没有变化,假如我老师辈份的棋手与范施对弈,如何能挡得住他们的杀力。总之,要尊重我们的历史,就如几百年后,后人会尊重今天的棋一样。范西屏为人耿直朴实,他不求下棋之外的生财之道。有了钱财,也将一半分给同乡中的困难人家。袁枚对他的为人盛赞不已,说:"余不嗜弈而嗜西屏"。他认为那些"尊官文儒"都不及范西屏人品高尚。
范西屏的棋风,前人有不少总结。棋手李步青曾对任渭南说:"君等于弈只一面,余尚有两面,若西屏先生则四面受敌者也。"这是说范西屏全局观念特别强。李松石在《受子谱·序》中谈得更为详细,他说:范西屏"能以弃为取,以屈为伸,失西隅补以东隅,屈于此即伸于彼,时时转换,每出意表,盖局中之妙。"范西屏不很注重一城一地的得失,而更多地从全局着眼。具体手法就是"时时转换,每出意表"。这种手法不少棋手都有领教,评价甚高。施襄夏说:"范西屏以遒劲胜者也。"邓元穗说:"西屏奇妙高远,如神龙变化,莫测首尾"。"西屏崇山峻岭,抱负高奇。"毕沉在《秋堂对弈歌》中,也这样描述了范西屏的棋风:"淮阴将兵信指挥,矩鹿破楚操神机。鏖战昆阴雷雨击,虎豹股粟瓦尾飞。乌道偏师方折挫,余子纷纷尽袒左。忽讶奇兵天上下,当食不食全局破。"
清代棋艺家李汝珍谈到四大家时曾说:"此四子者,皆新奇独造,高出往古。而范尤以出神入化,想人非非。"对范西屏如此高的评价并非偶然,他不仅汲取了前人的全部经验,而且有所创见,有所发展。这从他写的《桃花泉弈谱·序》中,可以看出,在这篇《序》里,他先谈到下围棋"实用心之事",他自己"自髫年爱习前贤之谱,罔不究心。"接着,他谈到了明代棋坛的情况:"有明作者,皆浑而不举,言先后,言虚实,言向背而已,"这是棋谱家的缺点,也是棋手的缺点。他又谈到清朝初年的棋手:"国初弈乐园诸公冥心孤诣,直造单微,于先后之中生先后,虚实之中生虚实,向背之中生向背,各就英分所极,自成一家。堂堂正正,怪怪奇奇,突过前人。"然后,他又谈到了他这一代棋手:"至三十年来,国手则不然,较大小于毫厘,决存亡于官冥。交易变易,时时存一片灵机;隔二隔三,处处用通盘打算。数至此,尽心至此,"范西屏认为,围棋之所以这样不断向前发展,根本的原因就在于,"其不坐困千古也"。这充分说明范西屏不迷信前人的创新精神。李松石还说过这么句话:"范于弈道,如将中之武穆公,不循古法,战无不胜。"范西屏的可贵之处,还在于他并不认为围棋发展到自己这几就停止了。他认为围棋的发展是无穷无尽的。他说:"以心制数数无穷头,以数写心
桃花泉弈谱
心无尽日。勋生今之时,为今之弈,后此者又安知其不愈出愈奇?"可见这位围棋大师的胸襟是很宽阔的,对围棋事业的发展也是充满信心的。
范西屏的《桃花泉弈谱》二卷,也是我国历史上最有影响,价值最大的古谱之一,这本书,"戛戛独造,不袭前贤",内容异常丰富、全面,精辟地记载了范西屏对于围棋的独特见解。此书则一出版,便轰动棋坛,风行一时,以后重刻版本很多,二百年来影响了无数棋手。
范西屏 胆子大 无拘无束 棋理之奥秘在于:穷则禁、禁则变、变则通、通则终,与易经:穷则变、变则通、通则久,两者相通。范西屏比施襄夏更接近
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