初一英语（下）那30个不规则动词过去式的和原型的读音（音标）

I. 一般过去时的概念
① 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year(week, Monday…), … ago, yesterday, a moment ago, just now, in19..等。
例如：
She was in a teacher two years ago. 她两年前是个教师。
I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。
② 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。
例如：
He always asked questions when he was young. 当他年轻时他总爱问问题。
③ 当表示动作时，谓语动词使用过去式（一般加ed或见不规则动词表）；当表示状态时，谓语动词用 was, were。
II. 一般过去时的构成
(1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：
① 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。 如：look-looked， watch-watched。
② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，加-d。 如：live-lived， like-liked。
③ 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。
如：stop-stopped， shop-shopped。
④ 末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。
如：study-studied， carry-carried。
(2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。
III. 一般过去时的几种句型
肯定句结构为：
① 主语+was / were +其它。
如：They were in Shanghai in 2000. 2000年的时候他们在上海。
② 主语+动词的过去式+其它。
如：He went to the book store yesterday. 他昨天去书店了。
否定句结构为：
① 主语+was / were not (wasn’t / weren’t) +其它。
如：My father was not at home last Sunday. 上个星期天我爸爸不在家。
② 主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。
如：She didn't come to school this morning. 她今天没来学校。
一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答为：
① Was / Were +主语+其它?
如：Was it cold last winter? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 去年冬天冷吗？
② Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？
如：Did you go to Beijing last week? Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.) 去年你们去北京吗？
特殊疑问句的构成为：
疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？
如：What did you do last night? I did my homework.
Ⅳ. 规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元，浊[d]，t, d 之后读[id]。
① 清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [ ] [t ]等后，ed要读[t]。 如： worked，finished。
② 元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。 如：lived，called。
③ t 或 d 后，ed读[id]。 如：started，needed。

英语初中不规则动词过去式和过去分词表
* am was been 是
* are were been 是
awake awoke awoke 唤醒
bear bore born 忍受
beat beat beaten 打，敲打
become became become 成为，变成
* begin began begun 开始
bet bet bet 打赌
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 打坏，打破
* bring brought brought 带来
* build built built 建筑，建设
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
* buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 揪住，抓住
* can could 能，会
choose chose chosen 选择
* come came came 来
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 砍，切
* do did done 做
* does did done 做
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt 做梦
* drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶，开车
* eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下，跌倒
feed fed fed 喂养
feel felt felt 感觉
fight fought fought 打架
* find found found 发现，找到
fly flew flown 飞行
forget forgot forgotten/forgot 忘记
freeze froze frozen 结冰
* get got got/gotten 得到
* give gave given 给予
* go went gone 走，去
grow grew grown 成长，种植
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 吊，悬挂
* have had had 有
* has had had 有
hear heard heard 听见
hit hit hit 打，击
hold held held 举办，容纳
hurt hurt hurt 伤害
keep kept kept 保持，喂养
* know knew known 知道，了解
lay laid laid 下蛋，平躺
* learn learnt/learnt learnt 学习
* leave left left 离开，留下
lend lent lent 借给
* let let let 让
* lie lay lain 躺下
* lose lost lost 丢失
* make made made 制造，制作
mean meant meant 意思是，意味着
* meet met met 遇见
* may might 可以
mistake mistook mistaken 犯错
must must 必须
pay paid paid 付钱，赔偿
* put put put 挂

* read read read 读
ride rode ridden 骑，乘
ring rang rung (钟/铃)响，鸣
rise rose risen 升起
* run ran run 跑
* say said said 说
* see saw seen 看见
* sell sold sold 卖
* send sent sent 寄，送;派
set set set 安装
shake shook shaken 摇动，摆动
shall should 将
shine shone/shined shone/shined 照耀
* show showed shown/showed 显示
shut shut shut 关
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 下沉
* sit sat sat 坐
* sleep slept slept 睡
smell smelt smelt 嗅
* speak spoke spoken 说
spell spelt spelt 拼读，拼写
* spend spent spent 花费，度过
spill spilt split 溅，洒
spit spat spat 吐痰
spoil spoilt spoilt 糟蹋
* stand stood stood 站
steal stole stolen 偷
sweep swept swept 打扫
* swim swam swum 游泳
* take took took 带去，花费，乘
* teach taught taught 教
* tell told told 告诉
* think thought thought 想，思考
throw threw thrown 扔，投，掷
understand understood understood 明白
wake woke/waked woken/waked 醒
* wear wore worn 穿戴
win won won 获胜
* write wrote written 写
* will would 将，愿