推荐回答(3个)
一、硬质合金的类型:
① 钨钴类硬质合金:主要成分是碳化钨(WC)和粘结剂钴(Co)。其牌号是由“YG”(“硬、钴”两字汉语拼音字首)和平均含钴量的百分数组成。例如,YG8,表示平均WCo=8%,其余为碳化钨的钨钴类硬质合金。一般钨钴类合金主要实用于:硬质合金刀具,模具,以及地矿类产品.
② 钨钛钴类硬质合金:主要成分是碳化钨、碳化钛(TiC)及钴。其牌号由“YT”(“硬、钛”两字汉语拼音字首)和碳化钛平均含量组成。例如,YT15,表示平均TiC=15%,其余为碳化钨和钴含量的钨钛钴类硬质合金。
③ 钨钛钽(铌)类硬质合金:主要成分是碳化钨、碳化钛、碳化钽(或碳化铌)及钴。这类硬质合金又称通用硬质合金或万能硬质合金。其牌号由“YW”(“硬”、“万”两字汉语拼音字首)加顺序号组成,如 YW1。
二、硬质合金的特点:硬度高(86~93HRA,相当于69~81HRC);热硬性好(可达900~1000℃,保持60HRC);耐磨性好。硬质合金刀具比高速钢切削速度高4~7倍,刀具寿命高5~80倍。制造模具、量具,寿命比合金工具钢高 20~150倍。可切削50HRC左右的硬质材料。但硬质合金脆性大,不能进行切削加工,难以制成形状复杂的整体刀具,因而常制成不同形状的刀片,采用焊接、粘接、机械夹持等方法安装在刀体或模具体上使用。
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硬质合金,由难熔金属的硬质化合物和粘结金属通过粉末冶金工艺制成的一种合金材料。硬质合金广泛用作刀具材料,如车刀、铣刀、刨刀、钻头、镗刀等,用于切削铸铁、有色金属、塑料、化纤、石墨、玻璃、石材和普通钢材,也可以用来切削耐热钢、不锈钢、高锰钢、工具钢等难加工的材料。现在新型硬质合金刀具的切削速度等于碳素钢的数百倍。硬质合金具有硬度高、耐磨、强度和韧性较好、耐热、耐腐蚀等一系列优良性能,特别是它的高硬度和耐磨性,即使在500℃的温度下也基本保持不变,在1000℃时仍有很高的硬度。硬质合金具有很高的硬度、强度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,被誉为“工业牙齿”,用于制造切削工具、刀具、钻具和耐磨零部件,广泛应用于军工、航天航空、机械加工、冶金、石油钻井、矿山工具、电子通讯、建筑等领域,伴随下游产业的发展,硬质合金市场需求不断加大。并且未来高新技术武器装备制造、尖端科学技术的进步以及核能源的快速发展,将大力提高对高技术含量和高质量稳定性的硬质合金产品的需求。据前瞻网分析,从《 2013-2017年中国硬质合金行业市场前瞻与投资战略规划分析报告》中预计到2015年我国硬质合金的产量将到达3万吨,工业总产值达到约230亿元。硬质合金是将这种或多种难熔金属的碳化物和粘接剂金属,用粉末冶金方法制成的金属材料。
目前的硬质合金刀具大概分为以下几类:
1、整体硬质合金刀具类,包含麻花钻,铣刀,铰刀,镗刀,铣刀片,球头铣刀,锯片铣刀,锥度铣刀,光面塞规,圆棒及阶梯钻。
2、镶合金刀具类,包含铰刀、螺旋立铣刀,钻扩成型刀,汽车轮毂刀,三面刃,T型铣刀和各种成型刀。
3、可转位刀具类,包括硬质合金可转位立铣刀,可转位面铣刀,可转位燕尾铣刀和可转位三面刃。
4、高速钢刀具类,包括高速钢成型铣刀,左旋钻,球面铣刀,钴高速钢刀具及各种非标成型高速钢刀具。
5、行业专用刀具类,包含汽车行业专用刀、动员机行业专用刀、缝纫机行业专用刀、模具行业专用刀、纺机业专用刀和印制线路板行业专用刀。
硬质合金车刀是以硬质合金刀片与碳钢材料刀杆焊接而成,它的特点是具有较高的硬度、耐磨性与耐热性, 硬质合金刀片是用高耐磨和高耐热的WC(碳化钨)、TiC(碳化钛)、TaC(碳化钽)和Co(钴)粉末经高温烧结而成的。不同的硬质合金适用于不同的用途。
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