推荐回答(5个)
哮喘的最佳治疗方法因人而异的,临床上包括:
1、一般患者:可通过口服孟鲁司特钠,联合吸入糖皮质激素加支气管舒张剂如信必可都保,舒利迭吸入剂等,达到控制气道炎症,维持肺功能,预防急性发作的目的;
2、特殊患者:孕妇、肥胖、吸烟、运动性哮喘患者应在医生指导下选择适合的药物治疗;
3、重度哮喘:药物治疗无效者应行支气管热成形术,达到控制重度哮喘的目的。具体用药请结合临床,以医生面诊指导为准。
哮喘不能根治,一般采取药物治疗。药物治疗分为控制药物和缓解药物。
控制性药物
需要长期使用的每天用药,主要通过抗炎作用使哮喘维持临床控制,包括吸入糖皮质激素,全身用激素,白三烯调节剂,长效β2受体激动剂,缓释茶碱,色甘酸钠,抗IgE单克隆抗体及其他有助于减少全身激素用量的药物。
缓解性药物
又称急救药物,这些药物通过迅速解除支气管痉挛,从而缓解哮喘症状,包括速效吸入和短效口服β2受体激动剂,全身用激素,吸入性抗胆碱能药物,短效茶碱等。
急性期治疗
哮喘轻度急性发作
可用沙丁胺醇或间羟舒宁气雾剂做吸入治疗,通常可在数分钟内起作用,也可口服β2受体激动剂。
中度哮喘急性发作
吸入支气管舒张剂后,仅部分改善症状,因此往往需要联合使用丙酸倍氯松或布地奈德气雾剂吸入。
中度哮喘急性发作者常有夜间哮喘发作和症状加剧,常常需要使用长效缓释型茶碱等药物,有效防止夜间哮喘发作。
重度哮喘急性发作
这时吸入β2受体激动剂和糖皮质激素的效果均不明显,往往需要送医院急诊
哮喘的最佳治疗方法包括:一、糖皮质激素;二、支气管舒张剂;三、白三烯调节剂;四、茶碱类药物;五、抗胆碱类药物;六、抗IGE治疗;七、变应原特异性免疫疗法。比较常用的药物包括吸入的有舒利迭或者信必可,白三烯调节剂有孟鲁司特钠、多索茶碱以及异丙托溴氨等等。
哮喘的最佳治疗方法分为以下几步:
1.首先当患者哮喘发作时,及时让患者远离可诱发哮喘的过敏源,例如雾霾、花粉、宠物等,主要目的是防止病情继续加重。
2.其次对于病情较轻的患者,可选用长效吸入糖皮质激素和支气管扩张剂进行联合治疗,可有效地帮助患者缓解不适。
3.如果病人吸入治疗后症状仍未完全缓解,必要时可适当的加大吸入剂量。
4.对于危重症患者,要及时的前往医院采取雾化吸入治疗,雾化吸入治疗可以迅速且有效的到达肺部发挥疗效。
哮喘急性发作时,常用的药包括吸入性的沙丁胺醇或特布他林。
慢性哮喘首选的药物是吸入性糖皮质激素,而临床上最常用的是,福莫特罗联合甲泼尼松或沙美特罗联合甲泼尼松治疗哮喘。多是由于对环境中的某些物质,如尘螨或花粉过敏所造成的呼气性呼吸困难、胸闷、气短等症状。出现上述症状时,应及时就医,完善肺功能相关检查,尤其是支气管激发实验、支气管舒张实验等,明确诊断,及时治疗,根据哮喘选择对因治疗和对症治疗,最根本的是要远离引起哮喘急性发作的物质。哮喘的最佳治疗方法的特效药主要是针对于症状出现,给予相应的对症治疗。一般哮喘发作时出现的喘息、气促、胸闷的症状,可以选择糖皮质激素,比如有地塞米松、甲基强的松、泼尼松、布地奈德等。可以也可以选择支气管扩张剂,比如沙丁胺醇,特布他林,异丙托溴氨等,可以以口服雾化吸入,甚至静脉点滴的方式给药。此外还可以选择抗过敏的药物,比如扑尔敏、西替利嗪,氯雷他定,赛庚啶等。在对患者进行疾病治疗的同时,一定要注意对患者进行积极的心理疏导,帮助患者克服焦虑紧张情绪。
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