如图是几种实验室制取气体的发生装置和收集装置.请回答下列问题:(1)指出图中标有数字的仪器名称:①_

2024-12-16 08:59:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①是酒精灯,常用作热源;②是集气瓶,常用来收集气体.
故填:酒精灯;集气瓶.
(2)实验室用双氧水和二氧化锰制取氧气时不需要加热,应该用B装置作为发生装置;
因为氧气的密度比空气大,可以用向上排空气法收集,即用C装置收集,氧气不易溶于水,可以用排水法收集,即用D装置收集;
该反应的化学方程式为:2H2O2

 MnO2 
 
2H2O+O2↑;
若要收集较为纯净的氧气最好选用D装置;
实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气需要加热,应该用A装置作为发生装置;
因为氧气的密度比空气大,可以用向上排空气法收集,即用C装置收集,氧气不易溶于水,可以用排水法收集,即用D装置收集;
该反应的化学方程式为:2KMnO4
  △  
 
K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑;
实验室制取二氧化碳不需要加热,应该用B装置作为发生装置;
二氧化碳能够溶于水,不能用排水法收集,密度比空气大,可以用向上排空气法收集,即用C装置收集;
二氧化碳能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊,是因为二氧化碳和石灰水中的氢氧化钙反应生成了碳酸钙沉淀和水,反应的化学方程式为:Ca(OH)2+CO2═CaCO3↓+H2O.
故填:BC或BD;2H2O2
 MnO2 
 
2H2O+O2↑;D;AC或AD;2KMnO4
  △  
 
K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑;BC;Ca(OH)2+CO2═CaCO3↓+H2O.
(3)若将F装置内装满水,再连接量筒,就可以用于测定不溶于水且不与水反应的气体体积,则气体应从b进入F中.
故填:b.

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