中国曲艺有多少曲种?各是什么? [

2025-03-12 00:18:34
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

曲艺是中华民族各种说唱艺术的总称。曲艺在中国有着深远的渊源。它是由民间口头文学和歌唱艺术经过长期发展演变形成的一种独特的艺术形式。其主要特征是通过说、唱敷演故事和刻画人物。经过唐、宋、明、清的朝代更迭和历史演变,流传至今在民间的曲艺品种400个左右,大致可归纳概括为评书、相声、快板、鼓曲、说唱等五大类。

  评书类

  评书的特点是由一个演员讲故事,只说不唱。演员在故事的讲述中时常穿插一些评说议论。评书通常使用普通话讲述。但也有苏州评话、扬州评话、四川评书、湖北评书等使用方言讲述的种类。评书演出时,台上一桌一椅,桌上有醒水、折扇、手帕三件道具。演员表演或坐或站。评书表演十分强调“满台风雪吼,全凭一张口”的效果。评书一般均为长篇大书,其艺术结构严谨,情节紧张,故事生动,段落之间要有悬念,在表演中往往还需借助演员的身段形体及面部表情变化来塑造人物,借助道具模拟各种物件。

  相声类

  相声具有轻松、活泼、滑稽、幽默的特点。通常有一人说的单口相声;两人一逗一棒的对口相声;三人以上的群口相声。中国南方的独角戏和四川的谐剧,也属于相声一类。相声的特点是引人发笑,一段相声必须要有几个大的“包袱”即笑料,才能达到最好的艺术效果。说、学、逗、唱是相声必须具备的四种基本功。

  快书快板类

  快书主要是指发源于山东省西南部的山东快书。山东快书是一种使用山东方言、说中有唱、唱中有说,似说似唱的曲艺形式。表演时,一名身着长衫的演员立于舞台中央,手中持两块半月形的铜质鸳鸯板,击打出各种节奏配合其叙述和表演。山东快书故事性强,风趣幽默,通过误会、巧台、自相矛盾等手段制造笑料。

  快板是由一位右手持两块大竹板,左手持五块小竹板的演员,使用竹板击节说唱的曲艺形式。另外,数来宝、天津快板、竹板书等也是这类说唱艺术的不同表演形式。

  鼓曲类

  鼓曲类包括弹词、大鼓、渔鼓、琴书、杂曲等,是以演唱曲词为主且音乐性较强的一种的曲艺形式。

  说唱类

  主要指长篇连续性的大部头曲目,表演时演员须连说带唱,有说有唱。如西河大鼓、河南坠子、评弹、福州评话等。

  20世纪80年,随着电视在中国百姓生活中的普及,曲艺艺术也借助这一新的传播媒介表现和发展自己。电视台的“电视书场”、“曲艺杂坛”等栏目的开播;相声MTV的出现,都为曲艺艺术的普及发展提供了新的契机。

  中国曲艺团其蕴含丰富的民间性、群众性,不仅得到中国人民的珍爱,也引起了世界各国对东方文化怀有兴趣的学者和朋友们的青睐,近2O年来,中国曲艺艺术家纷纷走出国门,将这一饶有兴味的中国民;司艺术介绍给国外观众;而众多的外国专家也来中国求学,专门学习和研究中国曲艺。中国曲艺艺术发展演变的事实说明,真正的民族艺术最终都是属于世界的。

回答2:

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