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For thousands of years, land resources and one’s family have provided social security forthe elderly in rural China. This traditional security system has been carried over by theChinese government since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Chinesetraditional values emphasize the obligation of adult children (particularly sons) to supporttheir parents in old age. During Mao’s time, under rural people’s communes, land andother means of production were collectively owned. Rural laborers used to work together,communally producing and distributing goods. When someone was no longer able towork, he or she would withdraw from productive activities and be taken care of by familymembers – a social contract stretching back thousands of years. Through collectivesupport, childless and disabled old persons were guaranteed food, clothing, housing,medical care, and burial expenses by the collectives – Five Guarantees – the well-knownsocial assistance program in China (Wang, 2006; Li, 2007). However, the dramatic socialand economic changes in recent years have weakened the traditional system. Theeconomic reforms associated with the introduction of the household responsibilitycontract system in 1978 dismantled the institutional basis for the collective-based socialsecurity system in rural areas, including the Five Guarantees program (Li, 2007). For thousands of years, land resources and one’s family have provided social security forthe elderly in rural China. This traditional security system has been carried over by theChinese government since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Chinesetraditional values emphasize the obligation of adult children (particularly sons) to supporttheir parents in old age. During Mao’s time, under rural people’s communes, land andother means of production were collectively owned. Rural laborers used to work together,communally producing and distributing goods. When someone was no longer able towork, he or she would withdraw from productive activities and be taken care of by familymembers – a social contract stretching back thousands of years. Through collectivesupport, childless and disabled old persons were guaranteed food, clothing, housing,medical care, and burial expenses by the collectives – Five Guarantees – the well-knownsocial assistance program in China (Wang, 2006; Li, 2007). However, the dramatic socialand economic changes in recent years have weakened the traditional system. Theeconomic reforms associated with the introduction of the household responsibilitycontract system in 1978 dismantled the institutional basis for the collective-based socialsecurity system in rural areas, including the Five Guarantees program (Li, 2007).
ON划词翻译ON实时翻译For thousands of years, land resources and one’s family have provided social security forthe elderly in rural China. This traditional security system has been carried over by theChinese government since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Chinesetraditional values emphasize the obligation of adult children (particularly sons) to supporttheir parents in old age. During Mao’s time, under rural people’s communes, land andother means of production were collectively owned. Rural laborers used to work together,communally producing and distributing goods. When someone was no longer able towork, he or she would withdraw from productive activities and be taken care of by familymembers – a social contract stretching back thousands of years. Through collectivesupport, childless and disabled old persons were guaranteed food, clothing, housing,medical care, and burial expenses by the collectives – Five Guarantees – the well-knownsocial assistance program in China (Wang, 2006; Li, 2007). However, the dramatic socialand economic changes in recent years have weakened the traditional system. Theeconomic reforms associated with the introduction of the household responsibilitycontract system in 1978 dismantled the institutional basis for the collective-based socialsecurity system in rural areas, including the Five Guarantees program (Li, 2007).
几千年来,土地资源和家庭提供中国农村老年人社会保障为有。这种传统的安全系统已进行了由中华人民共和国政府成立以来,中国。中国传统价值观强调成年的孩子的义务(尤其是儿子)来支持他们年老的父母。毛泽东时期,农村人民公社下,土地和其他生产资料集体。农村劳动力来一起工作,共同生产和销售货物。当一个人不再能工作,他或她将退出生产活动和被照顾的家人–追溯到几千年的社会契约。通过collectivesupport无残疾的老年人,保证了食品,服装,住房,医疗和丧葬费用,由集体–五包–在中国以及knownsocial援助计划(王,2006;Li,2007)。然而,戏剧性的社会经济的变化在最近几年已经削弱了传统的系统。经济改革在1978的家庭responsibilitycontract系统介绍拆除集体为基础的社会保障制度在农村的制度基础,包括五个保证程序
大概意思翻一下来,基本上可以读懂。Referances 在此处不做翻译。希望可以帮到你。
几千年来,土地资源和家庭成员在中国农村为老年人提供社会保障。这种传统体系已由中国政府在中华人民共和国成立以来被传承了下去。中观传统价值观强调:成年的子女(尤其是儿子)必须担当起赡养父母的义务。在毛泽东的时代,在农村人民公社,集体所有的土地和其他生产资料。农民一起工作,集体生产和分销产品。当一个人不再能工作,他或她将退出生产活动,并由家庭成员照顾——这种社会契约可以追溯到数千年。通过集体的支持,没有子女的老人和残疾人可以享受集体对食物、衣服、住房、医疗、丧葬费用的担保,然而,众所周知的社会援助计划在中国近年来急剧社会经济变化打破了,消弱了持续千年的传统。与经济改革联系在一起,1978年,家庭联产承包责任制的引入,拆除了中国农村一直以来所沿袭的包括五险计划在内的农村社会保障体系。
祝好。