求高二有机化学各官能团性质以及能和什么物质反应?

2024-12-19 17:28:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1.能发生酯化反应的官能团
羧基-COOH
醇羟基
R-OH
CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH(浓硫酸、加热、可逆)CH3COOCH2CH3
+
H2O
2.能连续二步氧化的基团和官能团:羟基
RCH2OH(羟基所连C一定有2个H)
2CH3CH2OH+O2
(Cu\加热)
2CH3CHO+2H2O
2CH3CHO+O2
(Cu\加热)2CH3COOH+2H2O
3.即或能被氧化又能被还原的官能团__________________________
醛基
-CHO
CH3CHO+H2(催化剂/加热)
CH3CH2OH
2CH3CH2OH+O2
(Cu\加热)
2CH3CHO+2H2O
4.用稀H2SO4
作催化剂发生水解的官能团_______________________,
酯基R1-COO-R2
CH3COOCH2CH3
+
H2O(浓硫酸、加热、可逆)CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH
用碱溶液作催化剂发生水解的官能团______________________________
酯基R1-COO-R2
卤原子
-X
CH3CH2-Cl+NaOH—△→
CH3CH2OH+NaCl
CH3COOCH2CH3
+
NaOH→(浓硫酸、加热、)CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH
5.燃烧产生浓烟可能含的官能团或基团______________________
碳碳叁键C≡C
苯环
2C2H2+5O2→4CO2+2H2O
2C6H6+15O2→12CO2+6H2O
6.灼烧产生烧焦羽毛味的有机物类别是______________________
蛋白质
官能团氨基
-NH2