陈蕃字仲举文言文翻译

2025-02-27 07:18:20
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在平平淡淡的学习中,大家都背过文言文,肯定对文言文很熟悉吧?文言文就是白话文的提炼跟升华。是不是有很多人在为文言文的理解而发愁?下面是我为大家整理的陈蕃字仲举文言文翻译,欢迎阅读与收藏。

【原文】

陈蕃字仲举,汝南平舆人也。初仕郡,举孝廉,除郎中。后遭母忧,弃官行丧。服阕,刺史周景辟别驾从事,以谏争不合,投传而去。

太尉李固表荐,迁为乐安太守。郡人周璆,高洁之士。前后郡守招命莫肯至,唯蕃能致焉。字而不名,特为置一榻,去则县之。大将军梁冀威震天下,时遣书诣蕃,有所请托,不得通,使者诈求谒,蕃怒,笞杀之,坐左转修武令。

稍迁,拜尚书。时,零陵、桂阳山贼为害,公卿议遣讨之,又诏下州郡,一切皆得举孝廉、茂才。蕃上疏曰:“昔高祖创业,抚养百姓同之赤子。今二郡之民,亦陛下赤子也。致令赤子为害,岂非所在贪虐,使其然乎?宜严敕三府,隐核牧守令长,其有在政侵暴百姓者,即便举奏,更选清贤之人能班宣法令情在爱惠者,可不劳王师,而群贼弭息矣。”以此忤左右,故出为豫章太守。后迁大鸿胪。会白马令李云抗疏谏,桓帝怒,当伏重诛。蕃上书救云,坐免归田里。复征拜议郎,数日迁光禄勋。

永康元年,帝崩。窦后临朝,以蕃为太傅,录尚书事。时,新遭大丧,国嗣未立,诸尚书畏惧权官,托病不朝。蕃以书责之曰:“古人立节,事亡如存。今帝祚未立,政事日蹙,诸君奈何委荼蓼之苦,息偃在床?于义不足,焉得仁乎!”诸尚书惶怖,皆起视事。

灵帝即位,窦太后复优诏蕃,封蕃高阳乡侯,食邑三百户,蕃上疏力辞。蕃与后父大将军窦武,同心尽力,征用名贤,共参政事。而帝乳母赵娆,旦夕在太后侧,中常侍曹节、王甫等与共交构,谄事太后。太后信之,数出诏命,有所封拜。蕃常疾之,志诛中官。会窦武亦有谋,蕃因与窦武谋之。用理泄,曹节等矫诏诛武等。蕃时年七十余,闻难作,将官属诸生八十余人,并拔刃突入承明门。王甫时出,遂令收蕃,即日害之。

论曰:桓、灵之世,若陈蕃之徒,咸能树立风声,驱驰险厄之中,与刑人腐夫同朝争衡,终取灭亡之祸者。彼以遁世为非义,故屡退而不去;以仁心为己任,虽道远而弥厉。功虽不终,然其信义足以携持民心。

【参考译文】

陈蕃,陈蕃字仲举,汝南平舆人。最初,在郡里做官,被推举为孝廉,授郎中。因母。亲去世,辞官居丧。服丧期满,剌史周景召他为别驾从事,因劝谏意见不一,弃符离去。

后来公府征举方正,都不去。太尉李固上表荐举他,升为乐安太守。郡人周缪,高洁之人,前后郡守招请,不肯去,只有陈蕃能够招他去,陈蕃称他的字,不叫他的名。特剐

他安放一张床,周缪离开时,就把床悬挂起来。大将军梁冀是威震天下的人,当时派人送信给陈蕃,请陈蕃办私事。送信的人不得见,于是说假话请求见陈蕃,陈蕃发怒,把送信的打死了,因罪降为修武令。

后升迁,被任为尚书。这时零陵、桂阳山贼为害,公卿商议要派军队去讨伐,皇帝又下诏州郡,所有讨伐有功者都可以保举孝廉、茂才。陈蕃上疏说“:以前高祖创立大业,抚养百姓如同养育自己的儿子一样。现在二郡的老百姓争都是皇上的`儿子,导致儿子们为害的原因,难道不是当地官吏贪污暴虐逼迫他们像这样造反的吗?应该严厉责成三府,暗暗地考核州牧太守县令长,如果有为政残害百姓的人,立即向朝廷揭发,另选清正贤明,能够宣扬法令,爱护百姓的人去代替他们,这样可以不必烦劳国家的军队,却可以使所有的盗贼平息啊!”(陈藩)因为这个得罪了皇帝身边的人,所以被下放到豫章郡担任太守。后升任大鸿胪,恰逢白马县令李云上疏直言劝谏,桓帝大为震怒,李云应被处死,陈蕃上书救李云,获罪被罢免回家。又被征任议郎,几天之后,升任竞禄勋。

永康元年(167),桓帝去世,窦皇后执掌朝政,任命陈蕃为太傅并管理尚书事宜。当时刚遭国丧,还没有确定皇位继承人,各尚书害怕触怒朝中权臣,都假称有病不上朝办事。陈蕃写信责备他们说:“古人讲究节操,侍奉去世君主的态度如同他还活着一样。现在皇嗣还没有定下来,政事日益紧迫,诸君为什么抛弃国家的苦难不管,在家躺着休息呢?在义已经很亏缺了,哪能谈得上仁呢?”各位尚书惶惶恐怖,都去朝廷办公。

灵帝即皇位后,窦太后再次下诏表彰陈蕃,封陈藩为高阳乡侯,食邑三百户,陈蕃上疏尽力辞让。陈蕃和窦太后的父亲大将军窦武,同心尽力,起用名流贤士,共同参与国家政治。然而桓帝的乳母赵娆,早晚都在窦太后身边,中常侍曹节、王甫等同她勾结,讨好太后。太后信任他们,多次下诏令,给他们封爵授官。陈蕃常恨这帮人,决心消灭宦官。恰逢窦武也有谋划,陈蕃于是与窦武商量。因为事情泄露,曹节等人伪造太后的命令杀了窦武等人。陈蕃当时七十多岁,听说变乱发生,率领属官和学生八十余人,一起拔刀冲进承明门。王甫当时从宫里出来,于是命令逮捕陈蕃,当日杀害了他。

史官评论说:桓帝、灵帝时期,像陈蕃这类人,都能树立好的风气名声,奔走于艰难险阻之中,和宦官同朝较量高低,结果招来杀身大祸。他们认为逃离尘世是不义的行为,所以多次遭到罢免,仍然不肯离开现实;以倡导仁德之心为己任,尽管知道这条道路是漫长的,却更加坚定。事情虽然没有成功,但他们的信义,足以扶持民心。

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