推荐回答（1个）
德国矿物学家摩斯(F.Mohs,1824年)取自然界常见的10种矿物作为标准,将硬度分为1度到10度十个等级,称为摩斯硬度计(摩氏硬度计)：滑石1,石膏2,方解石3,萤石4,磷灰石5,正长石6,石英7,黄玉8,刚玉9,金刚石10. 说一个石头的硬度是4,说明它的硬度和萤石相当；玛瑙硬度是6.5,说明它的硬度介于正长石和石英之间（比正长石大且比石英小）.用摩氏硬度标准描述硬度,只有1、1.5、2、2.5…9、9.5、10,总共19个数.而不应该有6.4或者7.8这样的数. 两个矿物的相对硬度大小,是用相互刻划的方法来测试的.如果矿物A将矿物B划破留下划痕,就说明矿物A的硬度大于矿物B.那么“矿物A将矿物B划破留下划痕”,是如何操作和确认的呢? 如果打算用已知硬度的石头A去刻划被测试石头B,应该使用石头A的一个尖端,来用力刻划石头B的一个相对平展面（比如几毫米尺寸）,并观察划痕.如果B的平面被划出凹槽,则说明A的硬度大于B.有时刻划过后虽然出现了痕迹,但却不一定能判断是被刻划面出现凹槽还是刻划尖端受损留下的痕迹.这时需要用手指轻轻擦拭痕迹,再仔细观察是否仍能看到痕迹甚至凹槽.注意,刻划时即使A的尖端受损,也不能据此判断A的硬度就小于B,还是要根据划痕的特征来判断：如果被刻划面上留下划痕,则判断A的硬度大. 下面介绍一点硬度测试的经验：如果测试尖端的硬度明显大于被测试的面的硬度,刻划时会感到明显的阻力,并划出明显凹槽；如果被测试面的硬度很大且比较光滑时,刻划时会感到打滑、吃不上劲.还有一个情况需要注意：有些石头表面打了油蜡,这会对硬度测试的操作有影响,因为油蜡容易导致打滑.这时需要刻划用的尖端更加尖锐才好操作. 也可用一些简便的随身物件来测试硬度：指甲2.5,钥匙3左右,玻璃5.5,钢刀刃6.5. 测试过的一些奇石的硬度情况如下：太湖石3,灵壁石3-3.5,轩辕石4,都安石4,金海石6-7,九龙璧6-7,三江彩卵6.5-7,大化石6-7,蜡石6.5-7,沙漠漆（碧玉）6.5,玛瑙6.5. 绝大多数造岩矿物的硬度在7以下,个别岩石中也可能含有少量硬度大于7的矿物（比如刚玉、黄玉、绿柱石等）,但不是奇石的主要成分,因此石头的硬度一般不会超过（可以达到）7.所以,凡是声称岩石类奇石的硬度超过7的,基本是不可信的.
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