(1)已知V=50L=0.05m3,
m=ρV=1.0×103 kg/m3×0.05m3=50kg,
Q吸=cm(t-t0)
=4.2×103J/(kg?℃)×50kg×(60℃-20℃)
=8.4×106J;
(2)∵加热器正常工作,
∴P=P额=2000W,
消耗的电能:
W=Pt=2000W×1.5×3600s=1.08×107J,
热水器的效率:
η=
=Q吸 W
≈77.8%.8.4×106J 1.08×107J
答:(1)整桶水吸收的热量为8.4×106J;
(2)热水器的效率为77.8%.