推荐回答(3个)
高山族也是台湾地区的土居民族,在台湾这个称呼已不存在,因为这是对当地土居民族的贬称。
所谓的高山族是指当台湾受到外族侵犯时,土居当地的民族被迫逃到高山上以求生存,长期以来,在内地被称为高山族。
高山族不是指某单一少数民族,而是指土居台湾当地的多支少数民族总数。
高山族是台湾省原住少数民族的统称,台湾当局现在称他们为台湾原住民等。由于居住地区和语言的不同,高山族包括平埔人、阿美人、秦雅人、排湾人、布农人、卑南人、鲁凯人、曹人、赛复人和雅美人。 高山族大约有38万多人,主要分布在台湾本岛的东区和东部沿海纵谷平原及附近岛屿上,祖国大陆也有少数高山族同胞,散居在福建、上海、北京、武汉等地。高山族有本民族语言,没有本民族文字。
大约在100万年以前,台湾和大陆是连在一起的,后来由于台湾海峡这一部分地壳下沉,被海水淹没,才使台湾成为大陆近海的一个海岛。台湾四季如春,雨量充沛,土地肥沃,物产丰富,是著名蔗糖、木材产地。东南部是主要产盐区之一,同时也是我国有名的“鱼仓”。高山族主要从事农业,种水稻、小米、芋头、红薯等。
高山族和汉族人民不仅共同开发了台湾,而且共同对入侵祖国领土的外国侵略者,进行了数百次坚决的反抗斗争。 162O年~1628年,倭寇屡次侵略台湾,被高山族和汉族人民英勇击退。1624年、1626年,荷兰和西班牙殖民者分别侵入台湾。1661年,民族英雄郑成功率军东征,在高山族人民的积极支持和配合下,击败了侵略者,收复了台湾。 1895年~1945年,日本帝国主义侵占台湾50年,进行了残酷的殖民统治。高山族和汉族人民一道,曾多次进行英勇的反抗斗争。1930年爆发的震动国内外的“雾社起义”,坚持斗争几个月,使日本侵略军死伤4000多人,起义战士300多人全部壮烈牺牲.
依据考古与民族学研究,则将台湾地区汉族血统以外的南岛族群总称为台湾原住民。其中包含文化语言甚不相同的至少十支民族,并沿袭历史上的称法将其再分为高山族和平埔族两大类。故其所指之高山族,仅为台湾原住民之一类。
台湾传统上的“高山族”包括9个族群。近来年经过一些原住民的争取,“高山族”的范围有所增加。下面是高山族群的一种常见分类方式:
泰雅族(Atayal; Tayal)
赛夏族(Saisiyat; Saisiat)
布农族(Bunun)
邹族(Tsou; Cou)
鲁凯族(Rukai)
排湾族(Paiwan)
卑南族(Puyume)
阿美族(Pangcah; 'Amis)
达悟族(Tao; Yami,旧称雅美族)
太鲁阁族(Taroko)
撒奇莱雅族(Sakizaya)
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