推荐回答(5个)
我们了解历史,只能通过史书的记载和民间的流传,至于有多真实,谁也保证不了。因为史书多多少少都会融进个人的情感和爱憎、多多少少会遭到后人的篡改。所以,要讨论历史上的吕布是怎样的,茶馆选取最接近真实的陈寿《三国志》作为蓝本,从3个问题进行分析。
一、吕布的人生经历是怎样的?
《三国演义》里,吕布的人生轨迹很简单,原为丁原义子,然为利所动而杀丁原投董卓,因美色杀董卓投王允,投袁绍而险些被杀,投刘备而夺其徐州,得徐州而不能守,最后被曹操所擒,殒命于白门楼。虽然有着“人中吕布、马中赤兔”的赞誉,但说到底只是如张飞所说的“三姓家奴”。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fcaef76094b36acaf41e454816cd98d1001e99c43%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
那在《三国志》里的吕布,人生轨迹是否如此?
“吕布字奉先,五原郡九原人也。以骁武给并州。刺史丁原为骑都尉,屯河内,以布为主簿,大见亲待。”
可见“丁原义子”这一身份,书中未见记载,只是吕布为丁原账下确属无疑,而且很受待见。
“进败,董卓入京都,将为乱,欲杀原,并其兵觽。卓以布见信于原,诱布令杀原。布斩原首诣卓,卓以布为骑都尉,甚爱信之,誓为父子。”
杀丁原投董卓,并成为董卓义子,确有其事。
“卓性刚而褊,忿不思难,尝小失意,拔手戟掷布。布拳捷避之,为卓顾谢,卓意亦解。由是阴怨卓。卓常使布守中合,布与卓侍婢私通,恐事发觉,心不自安。”
《三国演义》里的貂蝉,原型大概就是这里的“侍婢”,而为美色杀董卓也确有此原因。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F7aec54e736d12f2ec2016c1d5fc2d56285356843%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
“司徒王允以布州里壮健,厚接纳之。后布诣允,陈卓几见杀状……布遂许之,手刃刺卓。”
从这里可以看出,董卓被杀并不是王允所用的美人计、反间计和连环计,主意首先出于吕布也终于吕布。
“布自以杀卓为术报雠,欲以德之。术恶其反复,拒而不受。北诣袁绍……布觉其意,从绍求去。绍恐还为己害,遣壮士夜掩杀布,不获……备东击术,布袭取下邳,备还归布。布遣备屯小沛。布自称徐州刺史。”
投靠袁绍而险些被杀,投刘备而夺其徐州,小说与《三国志》具有一致性。
然后就是到最后的殒命白门楼,《三国志》这样记载:太祖堑围之三月……布与其麾下登白门楼。兵围急,乃下降……布因指备曰:“是儿最叵信者。”于是缢杀布。
通过对比,可以看出,吕布的人生轨迹与《三国志》记载并不多大出入,只是小说强行给吕布戴上了“三姓家奴”的帽子。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F9c16fdfaaf51f3de3eb67b1984eef01f3a297943%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
二、吕布是否无谋?
《三国演义》里的吕布,就是一个莽夫,既不是有谋略的将领,也不是能够指挥军队的统帅,最光辉的事迹大部分是发生十八路诸侯讨董卓的时候(后面还有辕门射戟、濮阳败曹操的事迹),而且体现的也只是在武力方面。
那么,《三国志》里的吕布是否就是这样?反复读了之后发现,小说的描写跟史书的记载相差无几,在谋略、指挥军队方面真没有什么拿得出手的事迹,反而凸显其实一个不合格的将领和统帅的记载却非常多。比如对待叛将的处理方式:
布问性,言“萌受袁术谋。”“谋者悉谁?”性言“陈宫同谋。”时宫在坐上,面赤,傍人悉觉之。布以宫大将,不问也。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F0823dd54564e92584c3044938c82d158ccbf4e43%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
三、吕布真的单挑无敌?
《三国演义》里给吕布的定位就是一个论一对一谁也赢不了他,但除此之外就跟三岁小孩没有多大区别的莽夫猛将。那《三国志》里的吕布真的有这么能打吗?先看看书中的相关记载:
1、骁武给并州。2、布便弓马,膂力过人,号为飞将。3、汜、布乃独共对战,布以矛刺中汜。4、布有良马曰赤兔。常与其亲近成廉、魏越等陷锋突陈,遂破燕军。5、布令门候于营门中举一只戟……布举弓射戟,正中小支。
从这些记载可以看出,吕布确实是一员猛将,弓马娴熟、膂力过人,但要说单挑无敌,实在找不出有说服力的记载。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F241f95cad1c8a7867a2e88737709c93d70cf5043%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
综上,历史上真实的吕布是否就是这样,不敢妄下定语,但《三国志》所记载的吕布,就是如此。
我认为吕布也是一个有能力的诸侯,但是他还是目光过于短浅,有勇无谋的名号还是符合他的,他多次反叛使得在天下的信誉已经很差了,无人会接纳他,他一旦战败迎来的只会有死亡。
吕布有着超高的个人能力,武功全面高强,但是人品方面真的不好说,两次杀掉自己的干爹,有些背信弃义。
历史上的吕布是一个自傲,唯利是图,为了利益出卖朋友的人,我对他的评价就是独断专行。
历史上吕布是一个武力超群但是非常贪婪和喜欢美色的人,我觉得吕布的战斗力非常强,是武的化身,但是有勇无谋。
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