如何区分状语从句 定语从句 名词性从句

2024-11-26 21:40:23
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

名词性从句是 定语,状语 从句 还有表语等其他从句的总称,定语从句 一个句子在句中做定语 ,修饰名词或名词短语,所以它前面必须有一个先行词。状语从句就是句子做状语。可能修饰整个句子,也可能是动词或名词,有时间,地点,方式状语。
【英语语法分类汇总】定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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【英语语法分类汇总】状语从句
在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。
状语从句可分为:
时间状语从句:
When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.
苏珊每次进城,总要去看望她奶奶。
地点状语从句:
I will go where I am needed.
哪里需要我,我就到哪里去。
方式状语从句:
I have changed it as you suggest.
我已经按照你的建议作了改变。
原因状语从句:
Mary didn't go shopping because I advised her not to.
玛丽没有去购物,因为我劝她不要去。
目的状语从句:
They worked hard in order that they might succeed.
他们努力工作,以便能够获得成功。
结果状语从句:
Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.
废物必须进行处理,这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。
条件状语从句:
If he works hard, he will surely succeed.
如果努力工作,他肯定会成功。
让步状语从句:
Though we are all different, we need never be separate.
虽然我们各不相同,但是我们永远也不会分开。
比较状语从句:
I was happier than I had ever been in my life.
这是我一生中最快乐的时光。
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【英语语法分类汇总】名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
【比较】whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not",例:Whether he will come or not is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语:
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.

回答2:

首先状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句的引导词不一样,状语从句为where、when等,后二者通常为that或which;
其次定语从句的话,去掉从句不影响这个句子的含义;名词性从句的话,去掉从句将使语义不完整,产生歧义。

回答3:

看先行词.一般来说宾语从句修饰形容词,而定语从句修饰名词叫多,状语从句修饰实践.