关于英语倒装语法

英语中的倒装句指的是主语、谓语位置颠倒的情况，其具体的倒装手段有两种：全部倒装(将整个谓语部分置于主语之前)和部分倒装(只将谓语中的情态动词、系动词或助动词部分移至主语前面，如果原句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词，进行部分倒装时需要加上)。例如： In the front of the classroom stands a teacher.教室前面站着一位老师。(全部倒装) // Never before have I heard such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事。

“强调否定状语的倒装句”的基本用法
“强调否定状语的倒装句”是指为了强调句子中针对全句的否定状语，将其置于句首所引起部分倒装结构。常考的放于句首引起部分倒装的含有否定意义的状语有： never, seldom, rarely, little, few, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., at no time, by no means, no longer, not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ...等。例如： Never shall I forget this lesson.我绝对不会忘记这个教训。// Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.我一生中很少遇见这样意志坚定的人。// No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就开了。// No longer will I believe a word you say.你的话我以后一个字也不相信了。// Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also (he was) a poet.(not only ... but also ...连接两个句子时，前一个句子倒装，后一个不倒装)丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。// Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.直到最近我才知道导弹是个什么样子。

注意：如果放在句首的否定状语只否定主语或句中的副词，而不针对全句，就不用进行倒装。例如： Not a soul was anywhere visible.到处见不到一个人。// Hardly anybody believes that.几乎没有人相信那件事。// Not long ago it rained.不久前下过雨。

〔考题1〕 I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ____ with my progress. (2006重庆)

A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied

〔答案〕 D

〔解析〕题干中的but表明其后的句子应表示与“I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.”相反的意义，即“老师并不对我的进步感到满意”。否定主句的状语by no means放于句首表示强调时，主句应进行部分倒装，而且不应再在句中加入否定词not，据此可以排除A、 B、 C而选出D。

〔考题2〕 Little ____ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (2007安徽)

A. he realized B. he didn’t realize

C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize

〔答案〕 D

〔解析〕句首作状语的副词little本身含有否定意义，不需另外加not，由此排除选项B、 C；由于句首little之后应使用部分倒装，由此进一步排除正常语序形式的选项A而选出D。

〔考题3〕 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German. (2005天津)

A. have B. did C. had D. do

〔答案〕 D

〔解析〕含有否定意义的状语little(在这里little作副词)位于分句的句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。“they have a good knowledge of English”这一分句采用的是一般现在时，下划线处所表示的时态应与此一致，故应填入do。

〔考题4〕 — Did Linda see the traffic accident?
— No, no sooner ____ than it happened. (2006天津)

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

〔答案〕 A

〔解析〕 hardly/scarcely... when..., no sooner... than...都表示“一……就……”，前面的主句通常用过去完成时，后面的从句通常用一般过去时，而且当hardly, scarcely或no sooner放于句首时，前面的主句应采用部分倒装。

〔考题5〕 Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春)

A. the teacher himself is; all his students are

B. the teacher himself is; are all his students

C. is the teacher himself; are all his students

D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

〔答案〕 D

〔解析〕 not only... but (also)...连接两个并列分句并且包含否定含义的not only放于句首时， not only后的分句要进行部分倒装， but (also)后的分句不进行倒装，因此本题应选D。

〔考题6〕 Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was. (1995)

A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize

〔答案〕 A

〔解析〕 not... until... 表示“直到……才……”， 在为了表示强调而把否定主句的not until提至句首时， 主句要采用倒装语序(until引导的时间状语从句不倒装)， 因此本题应选A。
〔考题7〕 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (2005上海)

A. has this city been B. this city has been

C. was this city D. this city was

〔答案〕 A

〔解析〕 否定主句的状语never before放于句首表示强调时， 主句应进行部分倒装， 又因为描述的是一个与现在有关， 并对现在有影响的动作， 所以应用现在完成时， 本题应选A。
〔考题8〕 The old couple married for 40 years and never once ____ with each other. (2003)

A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

〔答案〕 C

〔解析〕并列句的后一分句把否定性状语never once放在了句首表示强调，该分句应进行部分倒装，又因为描述了一个与现在有关，且对现在有影响的动作，所以应用现在完成时，本题应选C。

〔考题9〕 I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ____ so happy! (2000北京、安徽春)

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

〔答案〕 D

〔解析〕否定性状语never in all my life放于句首时，该句要进行部分倒装，又因为需要表示说话人得到梦寐以求的工作之前没有这么开心过这一“过去的过去”的情况，下划线处应采用过去完成时，所以本题应选D。

〔考题10〕 Never in my wildest dreams ____ these people are living in such poor conditions. (2006安徽)

A. I could imagine B. could I imagine

C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine

〔答案〕 B

〔解析〕否定性状语never in my wildest dreams放于句首时，该句要进行部分倒装，排除选项C、 D； never本身已经表示否定，不应再重复使用否定形式，因此进一步排除D而选出B。

〔考题11〕 I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom ____ so lonely as now. (2007辽宁)

A. have I felt B. I had felt

C. I have felt D. had I felt

〔答案〕 A

〔解析〕否定性状语seldom位于but之后分句的句首，该分句应该进行部分倒装，由此排除选项B、 C；下划线所在的分句描述现在的情况而不是描述“过去的过去”，因此应进一步排除过去完成时形式的选项D而选出A。

1.Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far.
尽管他会游泳，但是他游不得那么远。
这里can是助动词，所以不到装，依然跟在主语he的后面，只把实义动词swim提前。
2.Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
尽管他还会再试一试，但是他不会成功。
在这里，助动词will跟在主语后没有提前，try不是及物动词，所以这里的情况属于实义动词＋壮语，全部倒装放在主语he的前面。
3.Read book as/though he will, he can't understand.
尽管他会看书，但是他不会懂的。
（我都汗颜我自己造的句子了，凑合看吧）这里就是实义动词＋宾语了，然后一块倒装放在主语he之前。