whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如:
i
wonder
if
/
whether
i
can
get
some
advice
from
you.
ask
him
whether
/
if
he
can
come.
但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。
1.
whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or
not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正:
let
me
know
whether
you
can
come
or
not.
误:
let
me
know
if
you
can
come
or
not.
2.
当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:
正:
whether
it
is
true
or
not,
i
can’t
tell.
误:
if
it
is
true
or
not,
i
can’t
tell.
3.
whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:
正:
i
don’t
know
whether
to
accept
or
refuse.
误:
i
don’t
know
if
to
accept
or
refuse.
4.
whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:
正:
i
worry
about
whether
i
hurt
her
feelings.
误:
i
worry
about
if
i
hurt
her
feelings.
5.
whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:
正:
it
was
uncertain
whether
he
would
come.
误:
it
was
uncertain
if
he
would
come.
1.在表语从句和同位语从句中。
例如:The
question
is
whether
the
film
is
worth
seeing.
The
news
whether
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
unknown.
2.在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if
都能引导主语从句,否则,只能用whether
例如:Whether
we
shall
attend
the
meeting
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
It
hasn’t
been
decided
whether
(if)
we
shall
attend
the
meeting.
3.在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)。
例如:
It
all
depends
(on)
whether
they
will
support
us.
4.后面直接跟动词不定式时。
例如:He
doesn’t
know
whether
to
stay
or
not.
5.后面紧跟时or
not。
例如:We
didn’t
know
whether
or
not
she
was
ready.
6.引导让步状语从句时。
例如:Whether
you
like
it
or
not
,you
must
do
it
well.
7.用if会引起歧义时。
例如;Please
let
me
know
if
you
like
it.该句有两个意思:“请告诉我你是否喜欢”或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了就可以避免。
8.在discuss后
1、whether可置于句首引导主语从句, if 则不能
如:Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known.
2000年奥运会是否会在北京还不得而知。
2、whether可引导表语从句 , if 则不能
如:The question is whether it is not worth doing.
问题是它是否不值得做。
3、whether 可引导同位语从句时, if 则不能
如:The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
学生回答是否正确的问题应由老师决定。
4、宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether ,不用 if
如:Whether this is true, I can't say.
我不能说这是不是真的。
5、在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而if 则不能
如:Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
成功取决于我们是否付出足够的努力。
6、在动词不定式之前只能用whether , 而if不能
如:Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
请告诉我们是去还是呆在这里。
7、在某些动词(如 discuss ,decide )之后,只能用whether ,而不用 if引导宾语从句
如:We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
我们讨论了是否应该关闭这家商店。
扩展资料
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
如果天气晴朗,学生们将去野餐。
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
他问我昨天是否没来上学。
引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
他说话的样子好像他已经知道了一切。