推荐回答(2个)
我儿子今年19岁,他的智商不足一个学龄前幼儿园的知识,不认识表,不会算算术,请问这是不是智商低下的青年
智力低下(mental retardation,MR)是发生发育时期内,一般智力功能明显低于同龄水平,同量伴有适应性行为缺陷的一组疾病。智商(IQ)低于人群均值2.0标准差(人群的IQ均值定为100,一个标准差的IQ值为15),一般IQ在70(或75)以下即为智力明显低于平均水平。适应性行为包括个人生活能力和履行社会职责两方面。发育时期一般指18岁以下。智力落后有各种名称。精神病学称为“精神发育迟缓”、“精神发育不全”、“精神缺陷”。教育、心理学称为“智力落后”、“智力缺陷”。儿科学称为“智力低下”、“智能迟缓”、“智力发育障碍”。特殊教育学校称为“弱智”、“智力残疾”。患病率,在我国城市为1%,农村为2~3%,根据1987年残疾人调查公报推算,我国现有智力低下的儿童约1017万人。这不仅给社会、家庭带来一系列的问题,还将影响人口素质。西方医学对此病的治疗迄今仍缺乏良策。
智力低下属中医的“痴呆”、“五迟”、“五软”、“惊胎”、“解颅”等症。中医学对本病的认识,可追溯到春秋战国时代。如《黄帝内经》有脑髓主神明的说法。而脑髓又由肾所生,所谓“肾生骨髓”(《素问·阴阳应象大论》),“脑为髓海”(《灵枢·海论》)。隋代巢元方《诸病源候论·憎塞侯》中把病因责之先天禀赋不足,后天患病所致,病机为阴阳不和或不足,致使心神悟塞,神识不明。其后,历代医家如钱乙、朱丹溪、王肯堂、徐春甫等多有论述。徐春甫在《古今医统》中十分清楚地提到父母精血不足、孕期多病、早产、产妇高龄或堕胎不成等与本病密切相关。《小儿卫生总微论方》说:“心气怯者,则性痴而迟语。”从不同角度阐述了本病的病机。对于有关临床症状,古人也有比较细致的观察。如《婴童百问》中指出:“五软者,……又有口软,则虚舌出口。”颇似伸舌样痴呆。在治疗方面,则多从心、肝、脾、肾四脏着手,但对本病疗效较差,预后不良,古人也颇有同感。如王肯堂在论解颅时指出:“凡得此疾,不及千日之内,间有数岁者,偶因他疾攻逐,而成废人。”《小儿卫生总微论方》等著作中也一再强调智力低下的儿童治疗困难。
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