前列腺液常规的为何要查前列腺液

2025-03-04 10:12:20
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

前列腺是一个重要的附性腺器官,而且比较容易出毛病。前列腺分泌液的生化成分变化能反映出前列腺的生理功能。要想准确地判断前列腺的病理变化,就要检查前列腺液。那么,究竟要检查哪些项目,又各有什么意义呢?
首先,要作前列腺液一般性质的检查。从外观上看,正常的前列腺液稀薄,呈淡乳白色,有蛋清样光泽并有特殊气味。炎症严重时,前列腺液浓厚,色泽变黄或呈淡红色,混浊,有絮状物和黏丝。在显微镜低倍镜下检查时,正常样本视野里看到的都是大小不等的卵磷脂小体,比红细胞略小,由于有折光性,看上去像一个个明亮的小珠子。炎症患者的样本中,这种卵磷脂小体明显减少,并且聚集成堆。
在高倍镜视野下,正常人样本中的白细胞数不超过10个,炎症者的白细胞数明显增多,往往成堆存在。精囊腺有炎症或医生按摩取样时手法过重都会使前列腺液中出现红细胞。临床上所检查的前列腺液是通过按摩收集到的液体,严格地讲,它是来自前列腺的平静状态下的分泌物,并混合有少许精囊腺液,它不能代表射精时排出精液中的前列腺分泌物。有人认为,两者之间存在着某些化学成分的差别,比如,性兴奋时酸性磷酸酶等的分泌增加。除了检查上述项目之外,将标本涂成均匀薄片,干后固定染色,可以检查细菌数量和类型。但如果确认或高度可疑为生殖系结核时,一般不作前列腺按摩,以免引起结核扩散。
医院里采集前列腺液一般采用四杯法,先收集10毫升尿液,代表尿道标本;再排尿200毫升,弃去,再收集10毫升尿液,为中段尿;按摩采集前列腺液;按摩结束后再排尿收集10毫升,代表前列腺和后尿道情况。将4份标本分别作显微镜检查、细胞计数、培养、抗生素药物敏感试验,这样做有助于病变部位的定位诊断。
(1)酸碱度。正常情况下,前列腺液略偏酸性,但也有的实验室报告略偏碱性,pH值范围大约在6.7~7.3之间。前列腺液的pH值随年龄的增长而碱性增强。当出现炎症时,pH值可增加到7.7~8.5。
(2)锌离子浓度。前列腺是身体中含锌量最高的组织之一,前列腺液中的锌浓度也很高。前列腺能合成具有抗菌作用的含锌多肽,故锌的含量与前列腺液杀菌能力及抗菌机制有关。慢性前列腺炎时,锌浓度由正常时的480微克/毫升左右降至148微克/毫升左右。当射精管阻塞呈无精症时,精液内锌浓度显著增高,这是因为前列腺液在精液中的比例显著增加所致。
(3)枸橼酸浓度。枸橼酸的分泌受雄激素的控制与调节。枸橼酸水平与锌浓度成正相关(即一个增加时,另一个也成比例地增加)。正常时枸橼酸浓度为19毫克/毫升左右,前列腺炎患者下降为6.4毫克/毫升左右。
(4)酸性磷酸酶含量。酸性磷酸酶主要来源于前列腺,它的含量与锌浓度成正相关。在患前列腺癌时,二者显著增高。因此,酸性磷酸酶的含量可作为诊断、治疗、追踪随访前列腺癌的客观指标。

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