怎样写燃料电池的负极反应方程式

2025-04-02 04:18:38
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

甲醇燃料电池负极反应方程式是:
(仅供参考:(福建亚南柴油发电机组4000-080-999)亚小南为您解答)
①碱性条件负极:2ch3oh-12e﹣+16oh﹣

2co32﹣+12h2o
②酸性条件负极:2ch3oh
-12e﹣

2h2o

12h﹢

2co2
燃料电池的工作原理都是一样的,其电极反应式的书写也同样是有规律可循的.书写燃料电池电极反应式一般分为三步:第一步,先写出燃料电池的总反应方程式;第二步,再写出燃料电池的正极反应式;第三步,写出燃料电池的负极反应式。如:
碱性条件
总反应式
2ch3oh
+
3o2
+
4oh﹣=2co3
2﹣+6h2o
正极:3o2
+
12e﹣
+6h2o→
12oh﹣
负极:2ch3oh

12e–

16oh~

2co3
2﹣

12h2o
酸性条件
总反应式:2ch3oh

3o2

2co2

4h2o
正极:3o2

12e﹣

12
h﹢

6h2o
负极:2ch3oh

12e﹣

2h2o

12h﹢

2co2

回答2:

同学们,你们知道固态氧化物燃料电池电极反应式书写怎么判断得失电子数?怎么配平电荷守恒?怎么处理氧离子?有无后续反应?遵循什么步骤和原理?乾隆老师独特的思路方法,呈现给大家,欢迎观看、点赞、提问和分享!

回答3:

有机物做燃料电池的电极反应式的书写
一、首先分清原电池的正、负极均为惰性电极,电极均不参与反应。
二、正极发生还原反应,通入的气体一般是氧气,氧气得到电子首先变为氧离子,根据电解质的不同,其负极电极反应式书写分以下几种情况:
(1)在酸性溶液中生成的氧离子与氢离子结合生成水,其电极反应式为:
O2
+
4e^-
+
H^+==
4H2O
(2)在碱性溶液中,氧离子与氢氧根离子不能结合,只能与水结合生成氢氧根离子,其电极反应式为:
O2+
4e^-
+
2H2O=
4OH^-
(3)在熔融碳酸盐中,氧离子与碳酸根离子不能结合,只能与二氧化碳结合生成碳酸根离子,其电极反应式为:O2+2CO2+4e^-=2
CO3^2-
(4)在熔融氧化物介质中,氧气得到电子转化为氧离子,其电极反应式为:
O2+
4e^-=
2O^2-
三、负极发生氧化反应,负极生成的离子一般与正极产场结合:
若负极通入的气体为CH4、CH3OH、C2H5OH等,碳元素均转化为正四价碳的化合物、在酸性溶液中生成二氧化物气体、在碱性溶液中生成碳酸根离子,熔融碳酸盐中生成二氧化碳,熔融氧化物中生成碳酸根离子。含有氢元素的化合物最终都有水生成。
如CH3OH燃料电池:
酸性溶液负极:CH3OH
-
6e^-+
H2O
==
CO2↑
+
6H^+
碱性溶浚中负极:CH3OH
-
8e-
+
10OH^-
==
CO3^2-+
7H2O
甲醇燃料电池
甲醇燃料电池以铂为两极:
1、碱性电解质(KOH溶液为例)
总反应:2CH3OH
+
3O2
+4KOH
=
2K2CO3
+
6H2O
正极:3O2+12e^-+
6H20=12OH-
负极:CH3OH
-6e^-+8OH^-
=
CO3^2-
+
6H2O
2、
酸性电解质(H2SO4溶液为例)
总反应:
2CH3OH
+
3O2
=
2CO2
+
4H2O
正极:3O2+12e^-+12H^+=
6H2O
负极:2CH3OH-12e^-+2H2O
=
12H^++2CO2
3、中性电解质(NaCl溶液为例)
总反应:
2CH3OH
+
3O2
=
2CO2
+
4H2O
负极:2CH3OH
+
2H2O
-
12e^-
=
2CO2
+
12H^+
正极:3O2
+
12H^+
+
12e^-
=
6H2O
说明:乙醇燃料电池与甲醇燃料电池原理基本相同
甲烷燃料电池
甲烷燃料电池以多孔镍板为两极,
1、碱性电解质(KOH溶液为例)
总反应为:CH4
+
2KOH+
2O2=
K2CO3
+
3H2O。
负极:CH4
+
10
OH^-–
8e^-=
CO3^2-
+
7H2O
正极:O2
+
2H2O
+
4e^-=
4OH^-
2、酸性电解质(
H2SO4溶液为例)
总反应:CH4
+
2O2
=
CO2
+
2H2O
正极:2O2
+8e^-
+8H^+
=4H2O
负极:CH4
+2H2O-8e^-=CO2
+8H^+
3、中性电解质(NaCl溶液为例)
总反应:CH4
+
2O2
=
CO2
+
2H2O
正极:2O2
+8e^-
+4H2O=8OH^-
负极:CH4
+2H2O-8e^-=CO2
+8H^+说明:掌握了甲烷燃料电池的电极反应式,就掌握了其它气态烃燃料电池的电极反应式
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