推荐回答(4个)
半坡起步也是起步,无非是多了起步时还要上坡。既然是起步就必然要过接触点,这是“自古华山一条道”。
只是要想会跑,必须事先能走;于是在上坡起步之前,先要把平地时的起步搞熟练。如果你对平地起步已经胜券在握,那么要能够感知接触点的概念,因为在上坡起步时,到了接触点后,随后的操作更关键。
油门要加大
平地起步时,到了接触点后,不加大油门提高发动机的动力,以克服车辆遇到的各种阻力,车辆也还是起不了步。而在上坡起步时,这车辆的下滑力比起其它的阻力就大得多了,如果发动机的动力如不能大幅度提高,车辆将无法起步成功。
但此时相当于是在空档上加油,即是我们在发动机使用中最最忌讳的加空油!可是:
①油量不足将导致动力不足,造成起步失败,发动机熄火。
②油量过大将空耗发动机,或造成起步时的冲动。
开车处理的都是动态问题,在动态中去分析问题、在动态中解决问题,这就是要建立车感的目的所在。于是到达接触点后,这油门要加到多大,要根据车辆将要上行的坡度来做估计,而且是循序渐进地增加,尽量减少加空油的时间,既保证起步时的动力需要,又尽可能地避免磨损发动机。
车头向前涌
在离合器的操作中我们已经讨论过,一旦发动机加到车身上的动力,刚好大于等于车辆遇到的各种阻力时,车辆将会微微运动。
这一瞬间最重要,此后的操作将决定动力与阻力谁战胜谁,以及上坡起步的成功与否。
如果在上坡起步时,车辆对应给出的信号是车头向前涌(因为此时车头高于车尾),说明发动机加到车身上的动力已经克服了所有的阻力加下滑力,与起步成功只隔着一张纸,接下来的操作就是正式地起步了。
慢松手制动
虽然此时发动机的动力已经略占上风,但是突然把手刹车放开的话,所有的下滑力将一齐作用于发动机上,把发动机打个措手不及,接不上气。
故只能缓慢地将其放出,同时缓慢地增加供油、再缓慢地松开离合器踏板的剩余部分,车辆将平稳向前,从而起步成功。
这个过程中所有相关的操作都需要平缓、准确,这也即是开车的“真经”所在:平稳准确,刚柔相济。
只是手刹车要是放得过慢,又会让车迟迟不能起步,空耗发动机,所以用好手制动也需要摸索,只是手比脚灵活得多,所以需要的时间不会长。
我一般是通过左观后镜下缘平齐为车头位置,你可以根据个人身高座位位置调整;至于车身正不正看右观后镜里车身和路边缘是否平行即可。
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