鸡兔同笼问题解法

2025-03-23 15:38:20
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

淡对“鸡兔同笼”问题解法的探讨新教材内容的设计为学生的想象力和创造力提供广阔的空间,妥善的利用能够激发学生的数学学习热情。如华东师大版教材七年级(下)P37阅读材料“鸡兔同笼”的问题就是一个很好的范例。在课堂上学生能够积极探索,踊跃发言得到多种解法,极大的活跃了课堂学习气氛和最大限度的激发学生的学习热情。原题:今有鸡兔同笼 上有三十五头 下有九十四足 问鸡兔各几何译为:今有鸡兔同在一笼,上有35个头,下有94只脚,问鸡兔各有几只?首先可以引用古代孙子的解法作为故事的引入激发学生进行思考: 孙子提出了大胆的设想。他假设砍去每只鸡、每只兔一半的脚,则每只鸡就变成了“独脚鸡”,而每只兔就变成了“双脚兔”。这样,“独脚鸡”和“双脚兔”的脚就由94只变成了47只;而每只“鸡”的头数与脚数之比变为1:1,每只“兔”的头数与脚数之比变为1:2。由此可知,有一只“双脚兔”,脚的数量就会比头的数量多1。所以,“独脚鸡”和“双脚兔”的脚的数量与他们的头的数量之差,就是兔子的只数,即:47-35=12(只);鸡的数量就是:35-12=23(只)。其次,通过探讨得:解法1:列方程来解答:解:设鸡有x只,则兔有(35-x)只,根据题意得: 2x+4(35-x)=94 x=23 35-x=12 即鸡有23只,兔有12只. 解法2:假如此时有人大喊口令:“兔子立正”此时兔子们则把两只前脚抬起,两只后脚着地,呈立正姿态,此时鸡兔都是两只脚着地。在地上脚的总数为35×2=70只(只),而原来共有94只脚,少了94-70=24(只),为什么会少呢?因为兔子们没把它们的2只前脚着地,所以兔子的只数是24÷2=12(只),则鸡是35-12=23(只)。解法3:假设35只全部为鸡,则有35×2=70(只)脚,这就比实际少94-70=24(只)脚,为什么呢?因为我们把兔当作鸡来算,每只少算了2只脚,所以兔子是24÷2=12(只),则鸡是35-12=23(只)。解法4:鸡有2只脚,而兔却有4只脚,这不公平,但是鸡有2只翅膀,兔子却一只也没有,假如鸡的两只翅膀变成了脚,此时脚的总数应该是35×4=140(只),但实际上只有94只,为什么呢?因为我们把鸡的翅膀当作脚来计算,所以鸡的翅膀有140-94=46只,鸡有46÷2=23(只),则兔有35-23=12(只).解法5:我们还以推算出一个专门解答“鸡兔同笼”问题的公式:因为:1只兔子有1头4脚,故兔脚=4兔头;同理1只鸡有1头2脚,则鸡脚=2鸡头。因此:兔脚+鸡脚=4兔头+2鸡头=兔头+(兔头+鸡头)所以兔头= -(兔头+鸡头)因此把题中的数量代入公式得:兔头= -35=47-35=12(只)则鸡=35-12=23(只)解法6:用估算的方法来解答:94÷2=47(只),让鸡兔的脚各减一半,使鸡剩下一只脚,兔子剩下2只脚,47-35=12只(兔)。因为在这种情况下,鸡头与鸡脚抵消,所得的差是兔的头数与脚数相差所得的脚数,这些脚数正好与兔的头数相等,进而找出鸡的只数:35-12=23(只),这样的思路清晰而又新颖有趣 ,学生兴趣盎然。解法6:用画图凑数法来解答:用“O”表示头,用“1”表示脚,先给每个头下面画两只脚,再把剩下的脚从左到右给每个头下再添两只,最后分别数出有4脚(兔)和2脚(鸡)的只数。另外,还可以用几何图形来解答(如下图):即根据条件,画出如下的组合图形,再根据长方形的面积计算方法来解答,则浅显易懂,一目了然。鸡:(35×4-94)÷(4-2)=23(只)兔:35-23=12(只) “鸡兔同笼”问题的的钻研,在课学上激发了 学生的学习兴趣,更展示 了新教材的魅力,增强了学生的自信心,更重的是培养学生勤于思考,勇于克服困难的精神。 这也给我一个启示:在今后的教学中, 要不断引导学生大胆尝试,积极探索,不断的提高和培养学生的创新意识,充分发挥学生的主体意识。

回答2:

168/21=8 说明她采了8天
8*30=240 假设8天都没有下雨,可以采到是240个
240-168=72 因为下雨,少采了72个。
72/18=4 每下一天雨,少采18个。少采了72个,说明雨下了4天。
所以,8天里面4天下雨。

回答3:

[鸡兔同笼问题与盈亏思想]今有雉兔同笼,上有三十五头,下有九十四足,问雉兔各几何?(1、孙子算经的解法;2、方程法; 3、盈亏假设法—求鸡设兔,求兔设鸡)

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