墙面空鼓的原因有哪些 墙面空鼓的危害是什么

2025-02-28 08:51:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

空鼓形成原因主要是:

一、抹灰技术不规范。墙体基层抹灰前基层清理不干净,没按要求处理。对于不同材料的墙面,连接时没有按照规范设置钢丝网,墙面浇水不充分,外墙粉刷墙面没有分格或分格过大。

二、材料浸水不充足。铺贴前没浸水或浸泡不够。瓷砖(特别是釉面砖)在铺帖前应用水浸泡2小时以上,让瓷砖充分吸水后,取出阴干或擦净明水。如果砖体水份没饱和,就会过早吸收砂浆中的水份,导致砂浆收缩出现空鼓,还会影响粘贴强度。

三、填充物不饱满。瓷砖铺贴时砂浆不饱满或未将瓷砖轻轻敲打挤压密实。这是种情况是为了偷工减料,节省水泥砂浆,就是为了节约时间马虎了事。还有另一种情况那多发生在包工包料时,为了追求低价,选择的瓷砖质量太差,怕夯实时把瓷砖敲碎了。

四、砂浆配比不合理。原材料质量不符合要求,比如沙粒过细、含泥量大、水泥安定性不合要求等原因,或者砂浆搅拌不均匀,不合标准。

五、基准面高低不平。一次抹灰过厚,没有分层抹灰或各抹灰时间间隔太近,抹灰总厚度大于35mm时未采取加强措施。

六、其它原因:各层抹灰层配合比相差过大,强度等级较高的水泥砂浆粉刷在强度等级较低的面层或石灰砂浆面层上;气温过高时,砂浆失水过快;抹灰后未适当浇水养护。

空鼓处理方法主要有:

1、砂浆层空鼓:用切割机切割出空鼓范围,调节好刀口深度一般宜15mm,并比实际空鼓范围稍大,切割后用錾子在空鼓范围内凿除面层。清理干净基

层,用水润湿,用标准水泥砂浆面分两次修补、抹压,掌握好紧光时间,以防止新老结合处再次出现干缩裂缝。如果是混凝土基层,修补前应涂刷混凝土界面剂,否

则还会空鼓。

2、粉刷层空鼓:铲除空鼓部位,最好以空鼓为中心往外多铲一点;将矿泉水瓶子装满水,在盖上钻一个小小的洞,浇湿空鼓处;用砂浆填补一般为1:3;干后粉刷即可。

墙面空鼓的原因比较复杂,墙面空鼓怎么处理的方法说起来简单,操作起来也是很费事的,所以在我们知道墙面空鼓的原因后,就要在施工上抓紧,从源头上杜绝这种现象。

墙面空鼓的危害是什么

1.影响美观。一般墙面空鼓的地方,都会造成粉刷层出现裂缝,如同脸上的疤痕,十分刺目。

2.影响使用效果,失去围护和装饰的作用,并且存在安全隐患。空鼓面积大的地方,时间久了,由于重力原因就会脱落,小的损失是砸坏地砖、地面家具,如果万一下面正好有人,那就严重了。

3.空鼓还会对后期装修产生影响。空鼓产生危害一般经过两个过程,首先是墙体空鼓的地方表面出现开裂,经过一段时期,空鼓部位一旦受力,裂开的粉刷层就会脱落。如果空鼓、裂缝发生在窗台、阳台等与外界面直接接触的地方,开裂后必然会造成渗水,不但会降低对墙体的保护作用,而且影响装饰效果。

4.墙面空鼓如果在装修前或装修中不及时处理,装修后就会造成墙面大面积开裂。这是因为在房子装修的墙漆施工中,要在墙上涂上墙腻子,打磨后才能上墙漆,而现在一般所用的墙腻子大多是所谓环保腻子粉,即工厂在生产中腻子粉已以掺入了胶水,这类型的环保型腻子粉在使用时是掺水调匀后使用的,再加上墙漆也是要掺水滚涂施工的,当有空鼓问题的墙遇到这些水份渗入的,便将其中水份吸入墙体内,水分含墙体内,很难一时挥发掉。当房子装修完后,随着时间变化,当外界气温上升时,墙体内的水分往外扩张,由于“空鼓墙”本身结构松散,附着力差,更加上墙体内水分的扩张,导致墙面膨胀,最终形成装饰后的墙面的大面积空鼓及分裂现象。这些问题出现后很难解决。

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