UEFI 引导与 BIOS 引导在原理上有什么区别?
推荐回答(3个)
UEFI,全称Unified Extensible Firmware
Interface,即“统一的可扩展固件接口”,是一种详细描述全新类型接口的标准,是适用于电脑的标准固件接口,旨在代替BIOS(基本输入/输出系
统)。此标准由UEFI联盟中的140多个技术公司共同创建,其中包括微软公司。UEFI旨在提高软件互操作性和解决BIOS的局限性。
要详细了解UEFI,还得从BIOS讲起。我们都知道,每一台普通的电脑都会有一个BIOS,用于加载电脑最基本的程式码,担负着初始化硬件,
检测硬件功能以及引导操作系统的任务。UEFI就是与BIOS相对的概念,这种接口用于操作系统自动从预启动的操作环境,加载到一种操作系统上,从而达到
开机程序化繁为简节省时间的目的。传统BIOS技术正在逐步被UEFI取而代之,在最近新出厂的电脑中,很多已经使用UEFI,使用UEFI模式安装操作
系统是趋势所在。
作为传统BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)的继任者,UEFI拥有前辈所不具备的诸多功能,比如图形化界面、多种多样的操作方式、允许植入硬件驱动等等。这些特性让UEFI相比于传统BIOS更加易用、更加多功能、更加方便。而Windows 8在发布之初就对外宣布全面支持UEFI,这也促使了众多主板厂商纷纷转投UEFI,并将此作为主板的标准配置之一。
UEFI抛去了传统BIOS需要长时间自检的问题,让硬件初始化以及引导系统变得简洁快速。换种方式说,UEFI已经把电脑的BIOS变得不像
是BIOS,而是一个小型固化在主板上的操作系统一样,加上UEFI本身的开发语言已经从汇编转变成C语言,高级语言的加入让厂商深度开发UEFI变为可
能。
一、UEFI Bios启动模式
UEFI Bios支持两种启动模式:Legacy+UEFI启动模式和UEFI启动模式,其中Legacy+UEFI启动模指的是UEFI和传统BIOS共存模式,可以兼容传统BIOS引导模式启动操作系统;UEFI启动模式只是在UEFI引导模式启动操作系统。
提示:
1、选定启动模式并安装操作系统,安装后只能使用设定的模式,用于启动操作系统;
2、操作系统安装时使用Legacy+UEFI模式,兼容在传统BIOS引导模式启动操作系统;
3、操作系统安装时使用UEFI引导模式,只能在UEFI引导模式启动操作系统。
二、Legacy+UEFI模式与UEFI模式的区别
1、Legacy+UEFI启动模式是基于某些电脑硬件设备和操作系统(如WinXP/7)还不支持基于UEFI BIOS的情况,考虑从传统BIOS引导模式启动。传统BIOS引导模式允许Hba,模块设备使用Rom选项。
2、UEF...UEFI 引导与 BIOS 引导在原理上有什么区别
UEFI与Legacy+UEFI启动模式的区别,很多重装电脑操作系统的用户如果使用的是光盘启动,都要跟BIOS打交道,很多用户会发现,当进入Bios设置启动模式时,会发现有两种模式,即Legacy+UEFI和UEFI。因此小编接下来就跟大家讲讲这里两者之间的区别,感兴趣的朋友一起来看一下吧!
一、UEFI Bios启动模式
UEFI Bios支持两种启动模式:Legacy+UEFI启动模式和UEFI启动模式,其中Legacy+UEFI启动模指的是UEFI和传统BIOS共存模式,可以兼容传统BIOS引导模式启动操作系统;UEFI启动模式只是在UEFI引导模式启动操作系统。
提示:
1、选定启动模式并安装操作系统,安装后只能使用设定的模式,用于启动操作系统;
2、操作系统安装时使用Legacy+UEFI模式,兼容在传统BIOS引导模式启动操作系统;
3、操作系统安装时使用UEFI引导模式,只能在UEFI引导模式启动操作系统。
二、Legacy+UEFI模式与UEFI模式的区别
1、Legacy+UEFI启动模式是基于某些电脑硬件设备和操作系统(如WinXP/7)还不支持基于UEFI BIOS的情况,考虑从传统BIOS引导模式启动。传统BIOS引导模式允许Hba,模块设备使用Rom选项。
2、UEFI启动模式用于操作系统自动从预启动的操作环境,加载到一种操作系统上,从而使开机程序化繁为简,节省时间。并且支持2T以上硬盘,加强对硬件的支持,Win8之所以启动速度快,和Win8原生支持UEFI模式不无关系!
作者:聂伟琳
链接:http://www.zhihu.com/question/21672895/answer/18952658
来源:知乎
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
Arch Linux 社区的 Wiki 有比较靠谱的介绍:Unified Extensible Firmware Interface。
其中的两者的核心流程分别为:
Boot Process under BIOS
System switched on - Power On Self Test, or POST process
After POST BIOS initializes the necessary system hardware for booting (disk, keyboard controllers etc.)
BIOS launches the first 440 bytes (MBR boot code region) of the first disk in the BIOS disk order
The MBR boot code then takes control from BIOS and launches its next stage code (if any) (mostly bootloader code)
The launched (2nd stage) code (actual bootloader) then reads its support and config files
Based on the data in its config files, the bootloader loads the kernel and initramfs into system memory (RAM) and launches the kernel
Boot Process under UEFI
System switched on - Power On Self Test, or POST process.
UEFI firmware is loaded. Firmware initializes the hardware required for booting.
Firmware then reads its Boot Manager data to determine which UEFI application to be launched and from where (i.e. from which disk and partition).
Firmware then launches the UEFI application as defined in the boot entry in the firmware's boot manager.
The launched UEFI application may launch another application (in case of UEFI Shell or a boot manager like rEFInd) or the kernel and initramfs (in case of a bootloader like GRUB) depending on how the UEFI application was configured.
从这里我们可以看到一些区别。而根据我的使用经验来看,UEFI 确实更为现代化一些,启动程序被更为合理地进行了管理。
P.S. 当然,以上粗略的结论是没有结合 Secure Boot 的。最近被这东西折腾的够呛。
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