佛教里说消除无名,其中无名是什么意思?

不抱怨的智慧 章节 消除无名。字没错,讲的我有点找不到北了。
2025-04-06 03:30:25
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  不是无名,是写作“无明”。
  简单来说,是指,心因为滞留各种相而产生的执著,这些执著覆盖了真如本性,仿佛蒙蔽日光的黑点。比如说贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑,这些都是无明。
  复杂来说,请看下文:

  无明 在 <佛学大辞典> 中的 解释:
  (术语)梵语阿尾[何-可+尔]也Avidya%,谓钝之心无照了诸法事理之明。即痴之异名也。本业经上曰:“无明者,名不了一切法。”大乘义章二曰:“于法不了为无明。”同四曰:“言无明者,痴之心。体无慧明,故曰无明。”俱舍论十曰:“明所治无明。(中略)其相云何?谓不了知谛宝业果。”(四谛三宝业因果报)。唯识论六曰:“云何为痴?于诸事理迷为性,能障无痴一切杂染所依为业。”

  (譬喻)心性之无明,譬如空穴中之黑。教行信证序曰:“无碍光明,破无明慧日。”

  无明 陈义孝佛学常见辞汇 中的 解释:
  不明白道理,亦即愚痴的别名。

  无明 佛光大辞典 中的 解释:
  梵语avidya^,巴利语avijja^。为烦恼之别称。不如实知见之意;即昧事物,不通达真理与不能明白理解事相或道理之精神状态。亦即不达、不解、不了,而以愚痴为其自相。泛指无智、愚昧,特指不解佛教道理之世俗认识。为十二因缘之一。又作无明支。俱舍宗、唯识宗立无明为心所(心之作用)之一,即称作痴(梵moha )。
  就十二缘起中无明支解之,无明为一切烦恼之根本。阿含经谓,无明乃对于佛教真理(四谛)之错误认知,即无智;且其与渴爱具有表里之关系。说一切有部以‘三世两重’之因果来解说十二缘起,谓其中之无明系指过去烦恼位之五蕴,由于该位诸烦恼中,以无明之作用最强,故总称宿世烦恼为无明。唯识宗则以‘二世一重’之因果加以解释,谓无明与行能牵引识等五果之种子,故为‘能引支’;其中,与第六意识相应之‘痴’,能起善恶之业,称为无明。
  有部与唯识宗又将无明分为相应无明与不共无明二种。相应无明,系与贪等根本烦恼相应共起;不共无明,则无与之相应而起者,以其独自生起,故又作独头无明。且成唯识论卷五将不共无明更分为恒行不共无明与独行不共无明。恒行不共无明,系与第七末那识相应之无明,即与贪等根本烦恼相应而起,此无明无始以来恒行,障碍真义智,故称恒行;又自一切凡夫心常无间之观点言,乃与相应于第六意识之无明有异,故称为不共。独行不共无明,系与第六意识相应之无明,以其与其他根本烦恼不相应,单独而起,故亦称不共。此独行不共无明复依其与随烦恼俱起与否,更细分主独行无明与非主独行无明。
  唯识宗又区分无明为种子与现行,其中,常随众生,隐眠在第八阿赖耶识中之无明种子,称为随眠无明;对此,无明之现行,缠缚众生,系著生死(迷之世界),称为缠无明。又缠无明有相应与不共,即为随眠、缠、相应与不共等四种,称为四种无明、四无明。此外,无明复可分为根本与枝末、共与不共、相应与不相应、迷理与迷事、独头与俱行、覆业与发业、种子子时、行业果、惑等十五种无明。
  据胜N经之说,与见惑及三界之修惑(贪等)相应之相应无明,称为四住地之惑。所谓四住地即:见一处住地、欲爱住地、色爱住地、有爱住地,其中,见一处住地指见惑,后三住地则指三界之修惑。又独行不共之无明为无始无明住地之惑(若合以上四住地之惑,则称五住地之惑),此无明住地为一切烦恼之根本,唯如来之菩提智得以断之。
  据大乘起信论之说,无明为不觉,此不觉分为根本无明与枝末无明二种。根本无明,又作根本不觉、无始无明、元品无明,忽然念起无明或元初之一念。即不了达真如平等之理,故忽然起动差别对立之念的元初,即为诸烦恼之元始、迷妄之最初,皆非由其他烦恼所生者,故谓‘忽然’。以其极微细,故难以区别心王与心所之状态。故根本无明即最细微之动心,而诸种惑、业、苦等皆以此一念起动之心为根本,故称根本无明。此即无始无明住地之惑。枝末无明,又作枝末不觉,即依根本无明而起之枝末的染污心,有三细六粗之惑业。
  据天台宗之说,依空、假、中三观可断除见思、尘沙、无明三惑。此中,无明即迷于非有非空之理,而为障碍中道之惑。亦即中观所断之对象。关于断除无明者,在天台所判‘化法四教’之别教,于十回向伏无明,在初地以上至妙觉等十二阶位,断尽十二品无明。此际,十回向中,最后之第十回向断除最初之无明,进入初地;此最初之无明复分三品来断,故称三品之无明。在圆教,则于初住以上至妙觉等四十二阶位断尽四十二品无明,此际,第五十一阶位(等觉)之最后心即显妙觉智,由此能断除最后之无明(称为元品无明、无始无明、最后品无明)。然以上为过去之说,实则圆教不立三观之次第,而主张持一心作观,三惑同体,同时可断。[长阿含卷一大本经、大毗婆沙论卷二十三、卷二十五、卷三十八、大智度论卷四十三、成实论卷九、成唯识论卷八、瑜伽师地论卷四十八、卷五十六、卷五十八、卷六十四、十地经论卷八、俱舍论卷九、卷十九、摩诃止观卷六上、胜N经宝窟卷中末]

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