推荐回答(4个)
尚方剑是指中国古代皇帝收藏在“尚方”的剑,在汉代称“尚方斩马剑”,至明代称尚方剑,即皇帝御用的宝剑,持有尚方宝剑的大臣,具有先斩后奏等代表皇权的权力。在戏剧、小说中以及民间一般俗称其为“尚方宝剑”。成语尚方宝剑比喻上级特许的权力。
尚方(也作上方):掌管制造供应御用器物的官署,秦已有之,汉负盛名。尚方宝剑即皇帝御用的宝剑。持有皇帝所赐尚方宝剑的大臣,具有先斩后奏的权力。中国古代非常重视礼法,由于尚方制剑只能由皇室使用,所以这种宝剑从产生之初就被赋予了皇权和特权。

扩展资料
尚方宝剑第一次闪亮登场,是在汉朝汉成帝时期。
汉成帝是西汉末期的一个皇帝,他宠幸着一对美艳绝伦的姊妹花赵飞燕和赵和德,沉湎于酒色之中,不理朝政。这使得丞相张禹专擅朝政,贪污腐败,不在话下,以至于买了400顷良田沃土,其他财物也应有尽有。
这时候,一个叫朱云的官员站出来了。
一天上早朝时,朱云弹劾张禹。他说:“如今朝廷内许多大臣,对上不能辅佐陛下,对下不能为百姓造福。他们占着茅坑不拉屎,还要欺负百姓!象孔子所说的,‘鄙夫不可与事君。’如果不肯把这种人除掉,国家就不知道会发生什么事。臣请陛下赐一柄尚方斩马剑,杀掉其中一名奸臣,以激励其他大臣。”
尚方宝剑
那些年里看旧戏,忠奸剧斗,势成水火,忠臣常常落在下风,皇帝也昏庸,就在忠臣眼看要遭奸佞毒害的时候,奇迹出现了:一柄尚方宝剑赫然出匣,上打君不正,下打臣不忠,昏君气沮,奸臣授首。台下观众人心大快,千百颗悬着的激愤的心得到安慰。尚方宝剑成了平民百姓对正义和忠良的寄托与期待。在以天授神权对不法不天的斗争中,尚方宝剑焕发出神奇的光彩。
但是究竟有无尚方宝剑?回答是有。古典戏剧中解决这种矛盾冲突的无上利器并非凭空杜撰。
秦汉官制设有少府,少府设尚方令,尚方丞,其职责掌御刀剑及玩好器物,到汉末分为中、左、右三尚方,之后历代沿袭,到了唐代,尚方宝剑成了至高无上的象征,本来就是皇帝的御用兵器,赐予元老重臣,赋予特权,在外即可先斩后奏。《汉书?朱云传》:汉成帝时,诤臣朱云上书:“臣愿赐尚方斩马剑,断佞臣一人张禹之头。”张禹时为丞相,且是汉成帝刘骜的老师,正受宠幸。成帝大怒:“小臣居下讪上,廷辱师傅,罪死不赦。”命御史将朱云绑下,朱云紧抱殿前栏杆,据理力争,以至栏杆为之折断。左将军辛庆忌为朱云求情,幸免朱云一死。这就是“折槛朱云”的著名故事。朱云要求的尚方斩马剑,即民间俗谓的尚方宝剑,也叫上方宝剑。唐代颜师古注谓:“尚方,少府之属官也,作供御器物,故有斩马剑,剑利可以斩马也。”
《后汉书?蔡伦传》载:东汉和帝刘肇时,“中常侍蔡伦加位尚方令,监作剑即尚方剑。御用之器,臣庶不得私用,故言剑及诸器械,莫不精工坚密,为后世法。”这里的剑即尚方剑。御用之器,臣庶不得私用,故言.
《广雅?释器》记古剑有“蔡伦”之名,便是蔡伦职掌尚方令时监制的精良剑。后世天子或赐钦命大臣尚方剑以专杀伐。《后汉书?彭宠传》:朱浮对光武曰:“前吴汉发兵时,大王遗宠以礼必剑。”《冯异传》:“赤眉延岑暴乱三辅,以异为征西将军讨之。车驾送至河南,赐以乘舆,七尺玉具剑。”《晋书》载:张轨镇凉州,南阳王摸遗轨以帝所赐剑,谓轨曰:“陇以西征伐,悉心相委,如此剑矣。”尚方剑是中国古代中央集权制政治的产物,明刘基诗曰:“先封尚方剑,按法斩奸贼。”这种法律思想和作为法律的施行主体之刑具其实是法外之法,刑外之刑。聪明的戏剧作家便匠心别具地借用了这法上之法,刑上之刑,使戏剧中的思想意义得到合情合理的表达。
在古典小说或传统戏曲中常常有人提到它:“本大臣持有御赐尚方宝剑,故可先斩后奏!”云云。什么是尚方宝剑?
一般指皇上赐给钦差大臣的宝剑,有和皇上一样的权威,可以先斩后奏~
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