关于成语的类型

2025-03-25 03:55:40
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  成语的结构类型,丰富多彩。这同时也说明了汉语词汇的丰富,以及汉语构词手法、修辞手段的丰富。
  成语的结构是有层次的,大多是两层,少数是一层或三层。如:
  两层:扬扬得意 明日黄花 钦差大臣 气宇轩昂 叱咤风云
  三层:一衣带水 誉满天下 势如破竹 暴殄(tiǎn)天物 削足适履
  从第一层的结构关系看,成语的结构类型主要有:
  1、联合式
  丰功伟绩 丰衣足食 载歌载舞 一穷二白 九死一生 连篇累牍 患得患失 风花雪月 熙熙攘攘 之乎者也
  2、偏正式
  后起之秀 肺腑之言 以功赎罪 水中捞月 忙里偷闲 不约而同 豁然开朗 络绎不绝
  3、陈述式
  胸有成竹 计上心来 情不自禁 枯木逢春 盲人摸象 群贤毕至 泥牛入海 归心似箭
  4、支配式
  明辨是非 成人之美 混淆视听 通观全局 如履薄冰 如获至宝 好为人师 大快人心
  5、紧缩式
  不破不立 不见不散 百读不厌 风声鹤唳(l)
  6、兼语式
  化险为夷 认贼作父 引狼入室 震耳欲聋
  7、古汉语的特殊结构
  唯利是图 唯才是举 唯命是从 时不我待 夜以继日 不远万里 车水马龙 风驰电掣
  二二式结构主要有以下类型:
  1.并列型:丰功/伟绩、龙飞/凤舞、发号/施令、斩尽/杀绝。
  2.偏正型:一孔/之见、世外/桃源、孜孜/不倦、娓娓/动听。
  3.动宾型:包罗/万象、别开/生面、饱经/风霜、固执/己见。
  4.动(形)补型:畅通/无阻、完美/无缺、得意/忘形、略知/一二。
  5.主谓型:塞翁/失马、叶公/好龙、百花/齐放、肝胆/相照。
  6.连动型:画蛇/添足、刻舟/求剑、画饼/充饥、闻鸡/起舞。
  7.兼语型:引狼/入室、调虎/离山、指鹿/为马、利令/智昏。
  除了常见的二二式类型,还有一三式类型和三一式类型。一三式类型多于三一式类型。这两种组合方式的成语若按二二式类型去读,其意义就会令人费解。就是说,成语的意义决定了一三式和三一式两种读法。如成语“恒河沙数”,中心词是“数”,意思是像恒河沙的数量那样,多得无法计算,所以应读作“恒河沙/数”;若读作“恒河/沙数”,则无法解释了。
  三一式类型主要有:
  1. 偏正型:一衣带/水、始作俑/者、恒河沙/数、美其名/曰。
  2. 主谓型:旁观者/清、当局者/迷。
  一三式类型主要有:
  1. 偏正型:概/莫能外。
  2. 动(形)补型:妙/不可言、坚/不可摧、瞠/乎其后、罪/不容诛。
  3. 主谓型:熟/能生巧、青/出于蓝、前/所未有。
  4. 动宾型:作/壁上观、闻/所未闻、冒/大不韪、投/其所好。

回答2:

寓言;历史;神话;诗词;名著;四季;山水;植物;动物;人物品质;人物神态;人物外貌;人物动作;器官;友谊深;学习专心;人多;赞美老师,医生,英雄;数字;近反;

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