推荐回答(2个)
您好。 姓氏的起源可以追溯到人类原始社会的母系氏族制度时期,所以中国的许多古姓都是女字旁或底。 姓是作为区分氏族的特定标志符号, 如部落的名称或部落首领的名字。传说黄帝住姬水之滨,以姬为姓;炎帝居姜水之旁,以姜为姓。皇天以大禹治水有功,赐姓为姒。此外,部落首领之子亦可得姓。黄帝有二十五子,得姓者十四人,为姬、酉、祁、己、滕、任、荀、葴、僖、姞、儇、依十二姓,其中有四人分属二姓。祝融之后,为己、董、彭、秃、妘、曹、斟、芈等八姓,史称祝融八姓。 随著社会生产力的发展,母系氏族制度过渡到父系氏族制度,氏族制度逐渐被阶级社认为,姓的分支为氏,意思相当于家或族;氏往往和地名有关。(另有一说来自《通志·氏族略》,称女子称姓而男子称氏。但其中有牵强附会之嫌,不足为信。)夏王室为姒姓,另有霸主昆吾为己姓,己姓中有苏、顾、温、董、豢龙等氏。商王室为子姓,另有霸主大彭、豕韦为彭姓。商代还有条氏、徐氏、萧氏等十三个氏。 周代是中国姓氏大发展的一个重要时期,姓氏制度见于记载者较多。周王为姬姓,周王所封建的各诸侯国之君和卿大夫有同姓和异姓的区别。到东周春秋时,可考的有姬、姒、子、风、嬴、己、任、祁、芊、曹、董、姜、偃、归、曼、熊、隗、漆、允等二十二姓。虽然周代贵族有姓,但只有女子才称姓,未婚女子如齐姜、宋子,齐、宋为国名,姜、子为姓。已出嫁女子,如江芊、栾祁,江、栾为夫家国、氏名,芊、祁为女子本人的姓。当时有同姓不婚的习俗,故称贵族女子的姓以示与夫家之姓有所区别。周代实行宗法制,有大、小宗之别。一个氏的建立表示一个小宗从大宗(氏)分裂出来,另立门户。建立侯国要经周王认可,卿大夫立新家要得到君主允许,称之为“胙之土而命之氏”。 姓代表血缘关系,同姓不能通婚,氏则是从姓中繁衍出来的分支,是特权和地位的标志,用以区别贵贱,有氏者为贵。所以,先秦时男子称氏不称姓。秦代废除了原始的宗法分封制度而实行郡县制,氏失去了代表贵贱的意义,逐渐与姓合用,都成为父系血缘传承的标识。中国现在大多数的姓,都是承袭了产生于周代的氏。
先有人类生活几千年,后有文字的发明,这是中国发明家,白蓬江发明的《数序学说》的观点; 在二千多年前才出现姓氏来表达种姓血脉的传承,中国现有近二千个姓氏, 过去一般的百姓都没姓名;后人把传说中的黄帝英雄事迹,套在自己身上,成为黄帝的子孙,成为中原大地的合法继承人;所有人都争相把自己姓氏追溯到黄帝那个年代,导致中国一片种姓混乱,于是又有许多人为了表现自己的种姓高贵而糊编出多部族谱,但是每朝的帝皇为了说明自己的种姓高贵,就用不同程度的打击它姓,结果谁也说服不了谁, 直到《基因学说》出现中国的种姓都可以用基因来确认,中国没有一个科学家,人类学家,生命科学家,能拿出有力的证据,证明我们的祖先是谁,黄帝,炎帝只是个英雄故事。
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