危险货物运输要注意哪些问题?

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2025-01-07 01:18:15
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  1. 应实事求是地对待危险货物的托运和申报,切勿不报、漏报、错报、瞎报。

  危险货物由于运输要求高,运价也比普通货物高。在独立核算,自负盈亏的情况下,我们既要考虑核算成本,减少费用开支,也应当考虑风险因素,确保航运安全,二者必须兼顾。在日常的工作中,在托运危险货物时,确实出现过一些货主或货运代理为节省运费把危险货物当作普通货物托运的做法,也有一些货主和货运代理缺乏危险货物运输的知识和经验,将可不作危险货物运输的货物当作危险货物托运,既浪费了运费,又增加了许多不必要的麻烦。这现象应当克服和纠正。

  (1)《国际海运危规》明细表中有列名的,不一定都是危险货物。众所周知,确定一种货物是否属于危险晶,应根据其含量的多少、生产工艺、理化特性、危害程度等一系列因素来确定,不能单纯地以品名来衡量。

  (2)《国际海运危规》明细表中无具体列名的,不能说不是危险货物。危规不是万宝全书,它不可能包罗万象,把世界上所有危险货物毫无遗漏地都一一列出。特别是当今世界科学技术不断发展,新产品像雨后春笋般出现,许多新的危险货物在不断增添。所以,凡确实具备危险特性的物质,尽管危规中没有列明,我们还是应当在托运时实事求是地申报为危险货物,以利航运安全,申报办法应按其物质的特性,按危规规定分门别类套用,例如新商品特性为易燃液体,按其闭杯闪点多少确定其类别,闭杯闪点是20摄氏度,属第3.2类未列明易燃液体;有毒物质按前毒性表格中的LD50的量按类别套做。

  (3)除了《国际海运危规》以外,每个国家都有自己的危规,为了尊重各国的规定,凡一个国家危规规定为危险货物的物质,对这个国家出口,即使《国际海运危规》中无此物质列名,也应理所当然地申报为危险货物。例如我国对美国出口草酸,我国不作危险,货物运输,《国际海运危规》无此列名,但美国危规中却列为危险货物,那么在运输中必须按危险货物申报。否则,美国港口将不予卸货,或处以罚款。

  2. 应严格按港口有关规定办理危险货物运输的手续和装箱。

  交通部对装卸、运输危险货物有许多规定,各港口的执法机构是港务监督。上海港务监督的下列两项规定,发货人、货运代理和船舶代理、承运人都需不折不扣地遵照办理:

  (1)办理“包装危险货物安全适运申报单”和“船舶载运危险货物申报单”的申报人,必须是接受过港务监督专业培训,并经考核合格,取得申报证书的专职申报员。

  (2)危险货物的集装箱装箱点必须事先得到港务监督的审核批准,需有危险货物集装箱监装员,监装员需要接受港务监督专业培训,并经考核合格取得监装证书。集装箱装运危险货物,需凭装箱点的声明单向港务监督办理“包装危险货物安全适运申报单”(货申报)。集装箱装箱结束后,监装员需在“集装箱装运危险货物装箱证明书”上签名,并及时送港务监督备查。装箱点与监装员的签名一定要和港务监督内的备案相同,千万不要张冠李戴冒签,以避免不必要的麻烦。

  3. 装载危险货物的船舶必须具备一定的条件,特别是装载全危险品的船舶必须具备船舶监管部门的检验合格证书。

  对高度危险货物(指CLASSl、CLASS2、CLASS3.1、CLASS5.2、 和CLASS7)的托运,事先应对船舶能否适运了解清楚,以免造成配船后再退关而延误装期。

  4.注意转运港口的特殊规定。

  目前,许多货物需在香港和新加坡转运,二港口对危险货物的进出转运都有特殊的规定和要求,许多品种禁止转运。凡必须在上述二港口转运的危险货物,在合同成交前就应该与有关船公司联系,查询上述二港可否转运,以防止不必要的违约事件。

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