(1)16x^2-8x-y^2+1=(4x+1)^2-y^2=(4x+y+1)(4x-y+1)(2)a^2-b^2+a-b=(a+b)(a-b)+(a-b)=(a-b)(a+b+1)
(1)(4x-1+y)(4x-1-y) (2)(a+b+1)(a-b)