大家都知道哪些锻件热处理的方法?

2025-03-07 13:30:23
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

锻件热处理有哪些方法                
               
   

             

锻件根据钢种和工艺要求不同,常采用以下热处理方法:退火、正火、调质、淬火与低温回火、淬火与时效等。接下来我们分别来看看具体是怎么样得呢:

1.退火:

锻件退火工艺有完全退火、球化退火、低温退火和等温退火等多种形式,需根据锻件材质和变形情况来选定。

锻件经过退火处理以后,由于再结晶细化了晶粒,消除或减小了残余应力,从而降低了锻件硬度,提高其塑性和韧性,改善了切削性能。

2.正火:

正火一般是把锻件加热到GSE线以上50-70℃,有些高合金钢锻件加热到GSE线以上100-150℃,经适当保温后再空气中冷却。如正火后锻件硬度较高,为了降低锻件硬度,还应该进行高温回火,一般回火温度为560-660℃。


3.淬火、回火:

淬火是为了获得不平衡的组织,以提高强度和硬度。将钢锻件加热到Ac1线以上30-50℃。经保温后急冷。

回火是为了消除淬火应力,获得较稳定的组织,将锻件加热到Ac1线以下某一温度,保温一段时间,然后空冷或快冷。

4.淬火、时效:

高温合金和能够通过热处理强化的合金,在锻后常采用淬火时效处理。其中淬火是把合金加热到适当温度,经充分保温,使合金中某些组织生成物溶解到基体中去形成均匀的固体溶体,然后迅速冷却,成为过饱和固溶体,故又称为固溶处理。其目的是改善合金的塑性和韧性,并为进一步时效处理作好组织准备。时效处理是把过饱和固溶体或经冷加工变形后的合金置于室温或加热至某一温度,保温一段时间,使先前溶解于基体内的物质,均匀弥散地析出。时效处理的目的是提高合金的强度和硬度。

锻件热处理是按一定的热处理规范进行的,根据锻件钢种,断面尺寸及技术要求等,并参考有关手册和资料制订。其内容包括:加热温度、保温时间及冷却方式等。一般采用温度-时间变化曲线来表示。

回答2:

锻件的热处理技术主要有退火,正火,淬火,回火,调质,固溶处理和时效处理。其中退火还包括不完全退火、完全退火、等温退火、一般球化退火、等温球化退火、快速球化退火(正火—球化退火);正火有普通正火和二段正火。另外永鑫生还有锻热淬火,利用部分余热正火,利用部分余热淬火,利用部分余热等温退火以及高温回火。

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