英语主语的用法

主语

主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”
这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾
语，有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”。
主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任：名词，代词，名词化了的动词，形容词，分词，副词或
数词等，动词不定式或不定式短语，从句，某些固定词组的第二格。
例子：
Das Auto ist repariert. (名词)
汽车修好了。
Er ist ein Lehrer. (代词)
他是教师。
Das Ein- und Ausschalten dieses Instrument ist automatisch. (动名词)
这个仪器的开和关是自动的。
Der Alte ist noch sehr gesund. (形容词)
这位老人还很健康。
Die Reisenden sind schon seit Stunden muede. (第一分词)
旅途上的人已在几小时前就累了。
Heute ist vieles anderes als frueher. (副词)
现在跟以前已有很多不同。
Die Tausend ist ein vierstellige Zahl. (数词)
千是个四位的数字。
Trinken ist in der Arbeit verboten. (第一不定式)
工作时间不准喝酒。
Mit dir zusammen zu arbeiten ist kein Spass. (不定式短语)
跟你一起工作没一点儿意思。
Es ist nicht einfach, den Wettbewerb zu gewinnen . (不定式短语/形式主语es)
赢得竞赛并不简单。
Dass meine Freundin zu mir kommt , freut mir sehr. (从句)
我女友的到来，令我非常高兴。
Unseres Bleibens ist hier nicht laenger. (固定词组第二格)
我们不在这儿停留多长。
主语是句子叙说和主题，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。英语上可作主语的有：
1. 名词：
Our school is not far from my house.
2. 代词:
We like our school very much.
3. 数词:
Two plus two is four.
4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语:
The is an article.
The 是个冠词。
The mother with her child is coming to the school.
5.动名词:
Seeing is believing.
6. 动词不定式:
To do such a job we need a better knowledge.
7. 从句:
What I mean is to work harder.

主语从句
(Subject Clause)

定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor has\'t been decided yet.
（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.
（8）What we need is time.
（9）What we need are good doctors.
小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won\'t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小结:
（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法，介绍：）~

主语从句

主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.

宾语从句

的几个特征：1、引导词：what\\which\\whose\\when\\whether\\if\\where
2语序：宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。
如：I think that you must work harder.
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。
(1)表达时间的几个句型：一般用when或者是what time：
What time will the train leave?
由于时刻都是固定的，也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时：
What time does the train leave?
(2)时间的表达方式：8：19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight)，在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes)
(3)had better +动词原型。意思是提要求，建议。但是上下级不能用这种方式，因为语气太重：
You had better give up smoking .
(4)sb leave sth +地点
I left my book in my classroom yesterday.
(5)may I have your name(address\\age)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等，不要习惯以前的问法，这样很不礼貌，而是要采访上面的问法。以前的习惯是：how old are you? \\what\'s your name?
(6)修饰名词的代词次序：限-描-大-形---年---颜----籍----物--------类+名词：
this is a bridge.
This is a beautiful bridge

小结:

（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won\'t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.

主语补足语

主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。

举例 eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语

英语句子主要结构是：主谓宾状 /主系表状
作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、the+形容词/ doing / to do /主语从句
主语通常放在句首。