09高考全国卷1理综物理21题 怎么解 我要过程!!!

2025-04-05 08:39:45
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

另一种常规解答如下(就当作大题练手呗):
我是09应届的,这道题作为选择题的最后一道,深层次地考察了我们对物理概念、定律的讨论能力和应用能力,而难度在于多个二次联立方程组的巧妙解法,要借助扎实的数学解题能力。 设正碰后M速度为v1 ,m速度为v2 ,碰撞后二者动量相等,则易知二者速度方向相等且M/m>1 (否则M就弹回去了),
有条件方程:Mv1=mv2 ,即M/m=v2/v1 (*)
(ⅰ)若二者发生完全弹性碰撞,则
系统动量守恒:MV=Mv1+mv2 ①
系统机械能守恒:1/2MV²=1/2Mv1²+1/2mv2² ②
将①移项得 M(V-v1)=mv2 ③
将②移项得 M(V方-v1方)=mv2方 ④
将 ④ ÷ ③ 得 V+v1=v2 ⑤
将③变形得 M/m=v2/(V-v1) ⑥
由(*)、⑥二式得 v1=V/2 ⑦
将⑦带入⑤得 v2=3V/2 ⑧
由(*)、⑦、 ⑧得 M/m=3

(ⅱ) 若二者发生非弹性碰撞,则系统动量守恒,系统机械能损失

(ⅰ)中②变为1/2MV方>1/2Mv1方+1/2mv2方
⑤变为 V+v1>v2(※)
其余①③⑥⑦成立,故 v1=V/2,带入(※),得
v2<3V/2 故M/m<3 ,
结合以上推倒得1

回答2:

根据两种情况来解答:
第一种情况,两物体相撞后速度方向相同
可以根据动量守恒列式:MV = MV1+mV2(V1表示M撞后速度,V2表示m撞后速度)
且:MV1=mV2
再根据能量守恒:1/2MV2=1/2MV12+1/2mV22
联立解就ok了
第一种情况,两物体相撞后速度方向相反
MV = -MV1+mV2
其他同上

回答3:

解析在图片中。

回答4:

一楼已经做得很好了啊

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