奥斯卡王尔德的中英简介!!!

2024-12-25 19:32:03
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

补充下说,王尔德的童话故事的非常好的
百度百科里有介绍
不过英文的 我就不清楚咯

回答2:

  奥斯卡·王尔德,全名奥斯卡·芬葛·欧佛雷泰·威尔斯·王尔德。(Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde 1854年10月16日—1900年11月30日)(又译奥斯卡·怀尔德)英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者,著名的作家、诗人、戏剧家、艺术家。
  王尔德生于爱尔兰都柏林的一个家世卓越的家庭,是家中的次子,全名为:奥斯卡·芬葛·欧佛雷泰·威尔斯·怀尔德(Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde)。他的父亲威廉姆·怀尔德爵士是一个外科医生,他的母亲是一位诗人与作家。
  王尔德自都柏林圣三一学院(Trinity College)毕业后,获得奖学金,于1874年进入牛津大学莫德林学院(Magdalen College)学习。在牛津,王尔德受到了沃尔特·佩特及约翰·拉斯金的审美观念影响,并接触了新黑格尔派哲学、达尔文进化论和拉斐尔前派的作品,这为他之后成为唯美主义先锋作家确立了方向。
  在出版首本《诗集》后,他在文坛开始崭露头角,并来到伦敦发展。虽然年轻的王尔德还没有获得一个文学奖项,但服装惹眼、谈吐机智、特立独行的他在伦敦社交界已经小有名气,一些杂志甚至刊登着讽刺他的文章。
  1882年,王尔德在美国作了一个精彩的巡回讲座,两年后他与康斯坦斯·劳埃德(Constance Lloyd)成婚,两个儿子西里尔(Cyril)与维维恩(Vyvyan)亦分别在1885年与1886年出生。
  1887年,王尔德成为一家妇女杂志的执行总编辑,在杂志上发表了他的一些小说、评论和诗。王尔德的作品以其词藻华美、立意新颖和观点鲜明闻名,他的第一本小说《道林·格雷的画像》发表于1891年,之后他又发表了散文《社会主义下人的灵魂》,这两部作品都十分成功,但真正为王尔德赢得名誉的是他的戏剧作品。可以说他的每一部戏剧作品都受着热烈的欢迎,有一个时期,伦敦的舞台上竟同时上演着他的三部作品。他的这些佳构剧被称为自谢里丹的《造谣学校》以来最优秀的喜剧作品。
  19世纪末的维多利亚女王时代,英国上流社会新旧风尚的冲突激烈。王尔德的自由作风和大胆的政治作风很快使他成为了这场冲突的牺牲品。1895年,昆斯贝理侯爵(Marquess of Queensberry)因儿子阿尔弗莱德·道格拉斯(Lord Alfred Douglas; 别名“波西(Bosie)”)与王尔德交往而导致父子不和,并公然斥责王尔德是一个道德败坏者(当时尚未诞生“同恋”这个名词)。
  bosie对此,愤怒的阿尔弗莱德叫王尔德立刻上诉,告侯爵败坏他的名誉。结果王尔德上诉失败,更被反告曾“与其他男性发生有伤风化的行为”(committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons)。根据当时英国1855年苛刻的刑事法修正案第11部分,王尔德被判有罪,在瑞丁和本顿维尔监狱服了两年苦役。这两年,王尔德停止了戏剧创作,在狱中写下了诗作《瑞丁监狱之歌》和书信集《深渊书简》。在这两部作品中,他的风格发生了转变,已很难寻见唯美主义的影响。在王尔德服刑期间,妻子康斯坦斯与两个孩子改姓为荷兰德(Holland),移居意大利,而他社交界和文学界的大多数朋友都对他避之唯恐不及。只有寥寥数人如剧作家萧伯纳仍挺身维护他。
  1897年获释后,王尔德立刻动身前往巴黎,对于英国他失望透顶,不再有丝毫留恋。其后他为了两名孩子曾尝试与康斯坦斯复合,但阿尔弗莱德亦同时表示想与王尔德重归如好,最后王尔德放弃两名孩子而选择了阿尔弗莱德。王尔德在以化名居住法国期间完成并出版了《瑞丁监狱之歌》,之后与阿尔弗莱德同游意大利。但几个月后,两人再次分手。
  1900年王尔德终于在好友罗伯特.“罗比”·罗斯(Robert 'Robbie' Ross)帮助下改信天主教。同年11月30日因病于巴黎的阿尔萨斯旅馆(Hôtel d’Alsace)去世,终年46岁,死时只有罗比与另一朋友陪伴。他在巴黎的墓地,按照他在诗集《斯芬克斯》中的意象,雕刻成了一座小小的狮身人面像。
  20世纪末,在遭到毁誉近一个世纪以后,英国终于给了王尔德树立雕像的荣誉。1998年11月30日,由麦姬·汉姆林雕塑的王尔德雕像在伦敦特拉法尔加广场附近的阿德莱德街揭幕。雕像的标题为“与奥斯卡·王尔德的对话”,同时刻有王尔德常被引用的语录:“我们都在阴沟里,但仍有人仰望星空。”(We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.)
  王尔德的审判是英国司法史上最引人注目的案件之一,也是同性恋平权运动史上被引用最多的案件之一。在同恋不再被视为异端、被普遍接受的20世纪末、21世纪初,他成了同性恋社群的一个文化偶像。

  Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854一1900), was well-known as an Irish-born playwright, novelist, essayist and poet. He stood out among the Vctorian dramatists especially. As a youngster, he was exposed to the brilliant literary talk of the day at his mother’s Dublin salon. After being educated in Trinity College, Dublin, he attended Magdalen College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate Prize for English Verse; he took a First Class degree in Classics in spite of a reputation for idleness. At Oxford, Oscar Wilde came under the influence of aesthetic innovators such as English writers Walter Pater and John Ruskin.
  In 1881, Oscar Wilde’s first book, A collection of Poems, was published. A year later, Wilde went to New York on a successful lecture tour, where his first plays, Vera; or, The Nihilists (1882) and The Duchess of Padua (1891) (as Cruido Ferrandi), a blank verse tragedy, were produced yet without much success. Upon returning to England he settled in London and married a wealthy Irish woman, Constance Mary Lloyd, with whom he had two sons. Thereafter he devoted himself exclusively to writing.
  Oscar Wilde published two collections of fairy tales The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), and A House of Pomegranates (1892), a group of short stories Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime (1891), and a melodramatic tale, his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891). He ultimately achieved fame with a succession of comedies, beginning with Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892), produced at the St James’s Theatre by George Alexander, and following up with A Woman of No Importance(1893) and An Ideal Husband (1895), both seen at the Haymarket Theatre. His most characteristic play, The Importance of Being Earnest (also 1895) was seen at the St James’s, which proved the most successful. Few comedies of the English stage had such wit, elegance, and theatrical dexterity.
  Oscar Wilde’s last play, the poetic one-act Salome, written in French, was banned by the censor in England and was first seen privately in London in 1905. Wilde also left an unfihished one-act play, A Florentine Tragedy which was later completed by Sturge Moore and produced in London in 1906.
  In 1895, London witnessed Oscar Wilde’s tragic downfall at the peak of his career. Wilde became a central figure in one of the most sensational court trials of London. He was accused of homosexuality by the Marquis of Queensbury, father of Wilde’s close friend, Lord Alfred Douglas. Wilde was convicted of homosexual offenses and sentenced to two years of hard labor in prison. Of his time as a prisoner, he composed De Profundis (From the Depths, 1905), and a poem The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898). Financially bankrupt, ruined in health and spiritually downcast, Wilde left prison in 1897 and spent the rest of his life in Paris, using a pseudonym Sebastian Melmoth (the name of his great-uncle, Charles Maturin, in 1820). Later on,Wilde died of meningitis in Paris on November 30, 1900.