什么是指示代词?请举例说明

表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指代概念的代词叫指示代词。
指示代词有this, that, these, those等。this(复数形式是these)指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(复数形式是those)指时间或空间上较远的人或物。�

1.�指示代词的基本用法�

指示代词在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或定语。�

1）.作主语�

This is a robot. 这是一个机器人。�

That is an old computer. 那是一台旧电脑。�

These are our new books. 这些是我们的新书。�

Those are yellow taxies. 那些是黄色的出租车。�

2）.作表语�

What the girl wants is that. 那就是那个女孩想要的。�

The pen he is looking for is this.�这就是他正在找的钢笔。�

What the boys want to buy are those.�男孩子们想买的就是这些。�

What I'd like to choose are these.�我想选的就是这些。�

3）.作宾语�

If you do that, you'll succeed.�如果你那样做，你将会成功。�

Don't do this, it's bad for your eyes.�别这样做，它对你的眼睛有害。�

I like those, because they are helpful.�我喜欢那些，因为它们有益。�

Eat these. They taste delicious.�吃这些吧。它们味道鲜美。�

4）.作定语�

This room is Lucy and Lily's.�这个房间是露茜和莉莉的。�

That banana is green. 那个香蕉是绿色的。�

These children are watching a match. �这些孩子们正在观看比赛。�

Those songs are for old people.�那些歌是为老年人写的。�

2.�指示代词的特殊用法�

1）.this和that在对话中常用it来代替；these和those则常用they或them来替代。例如：�

—What's this? 这是什么？�

—It's a Japanse car. 一辆日本轿车。�

—What are those? 那些是什么？�

—They are boats. 小船。�

These are our tools. Please put them away.�

这些是我们的工具。请把它们收好。�

The weather in the north is colder than that of the south in winter.

冬季北方的气候比南方的冷。�

2）.that和those代替前面提到过的名词，但this和these不行。例如：�

The population of China is larger than this of Canada.(误)�

The population of China is larger than that of Canada.(正)�

The computers made in China are as good as these made in Japan.(误)�

The computers made in China are as good as those made in Japan. (正)�

3）.this和that有时可以当副词用，表示程度，相当于so。例如：�

The young man can't speak that well.�那个年轻人说不那么好。�

I can also play games this wonderfully.�我也能够做游戏做得这么精彩。�

4）.that或those可以代替前面句子或句子中的某一部分。例如：�

You are late again. That's terrible. 你又迟到了，那太可怕了。（that作主语代替前面的整个句子）�

You mean you don't have enough money. That 's a big problem.你的意思是说你的钱不够。那是个大问题。（that代替前面的you don't have enough money）�

5）.this和these常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。例如：�

What I want to tell you is this:You have won the relay race. 我想告诉你的是这么一件事：你们接力赛赢了。（this指代下面一整句话）

指示代词（demonstrative pronoun）是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义。它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如：

(1)I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.

我喜欢今天的这个电影，胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。

指示代词具有名词和形容词性质，既可知人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如：

(2)I found this wallet.I found this.

我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。（this 等于 this wallet)

(3)Is she going to marry that man?

她打算跟那人结婚吗？（that man不得用that代替，否则有轻蔑之意）

相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时，则指物指人均可。如：

(4)What are these?

那些是什么？（指物）

(5)This is Bill.Is that George?

我是比尔。你是乔治吗？（电话用语）（指人）

当指示代词所指的事物已确定时，后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如：

(6)This (suit) is expensive,isn't it?

这套衣服昂贵，不是吗？

(7)"Are those yours?" "Yes,they are."

“那些是你的吗？”“是的，它们是我的。”

there,here