推荐回答(1个)
您好!羊肚菌属于子囊菌类,是野生菌类。从50年代起科技工作者就进行人工驯化栽培,但到目前为止,羊肚菌的栽培还在实验阶段。多年前,在广东和四川已有羊肚菌的栽培报道,但经过多年还没有进行规模性生产的实践,技术非常不成熟,产量很低,没有成功的经验,也没有经济效益。
如果您想驯化栽培,试验一下,现介绍一些方法:
1、栽培料配方
(1)农作物秸秆粉74.5%、麸皮20%、磷肥1%、石膏1%、石灰0.5%、腐殖土3%。
(2)木屑75%、麸皮20%、磷肥1%、石膏1%、腐殖土3%。
(3)棉籽壳75%、麸皮20%、石膏1%、石灰1%、腐殖土3%.
(4)玉米芯40%(粉碎)、木屑20%、豆壳15%、麸皮20%、磷肥1%、石膏1%、糖1%、草木灰2%。
2、菌袋制作与培养
以上培养料的料水比为1∶1.3,拌好料后,堆积发酵20天,料温最高达到60-65℃,含水量达60%左右。然后装袋,规格17*33cm的塑料袋,每袋装料0.5-0.6kg。在100℃温度下,常压消毒10h,冷却后,菌袋两端接入菌种。
培养:在20-22℃温度下培养30-35天,菌丝体能够长满袋,就可以进行栽培了。
3、栽培方法
(1)室内脱袋栽培。菇房使用必洁仕牌二氧化氯消毒剂消毒后即可栽培。先在每层床面上铺塑料布,在上面放入3-4cm厚的腐殖土,拍平,脱去塑料袋,将菌棒逐个排列在床架上,每平方米床面可排列17厘米×33cm的塑料菌袋40个左右。排完菌棒后轻喷水1次,及时覆土3~5cm,表面盖2 cm厚的竹叶或阔叶树落叶,保持土壤湿润,1个月后可长出子实体。南方地区3月10日至4月20日出菇最佳,北方地区日光温室在2-4月能够出菇。
(2)室外脱袋栽培。选择光照为三分阳七分阴的林地作畦。畦宽1m,深15~20cm。整好畦后喷水或轻浇水一次,用必洁仕牌二氧化氯消毒剂5000倍液喷雾消毒。脱袋排菌棒和出菇方法与室内栽培相同,菌袋直接接触土壤。注意畦内温度变化,温度需要保持12-22℃之间,保持散射光条件,防止阳光直射。
4、管理措施
羊肚菌喜湿,生长环境必须保持空气相对湿度80%-95%。在室外栽培,冬季尤其是早春,南方雨水较多,温度合适,则菌丝体、子实体生长良好。如早春遇干旱,必须适时浇水。早春在几周之内有4~16℃的低温条件,能刺激羊肚菌子实体的形成;如果这时温度变化剧烈(低于4℃或高出16℃),都会影响子实体的发育。北方日光温室如果相对湿度低,应该浇水,提高空气湿度。总之,在早春对羊肚菌保持适宜的温湿度条件是栽培成功的关键。
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