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课堂教学中如何使学生的学习更有效
数学学习是师生之间互动与共同发展的过程,所以有效的学习学习更应促进学生的发展。促进学生发展,必须关注学生的发展的自主性、主动性,尊重学生的差异性,强调学生发展中的体验与交往,使他们成为发展与变化的主体。课堂教学中如何使学习更有效,笔者认为:
一、 要重视学生生活经历和实际操作体验
1、要积极了解儿童的现有经验
布鲁姆说过:对教学影响最大的是学生已有的知识。这已有的知识实际上就是儿童的经验。其中有相当一部分是儿童自己获得,而且来之与课外,教师要很好的研究儿童的经验水平,根据儿童的已有经验设计学习方案,才能更好的推进学生学习新知识的进程。如学习《长方体的认识》这一内容,在导入新课部分时,媒体出现可乐罐、礼品盒、魔方、牙膏盒等实物让学生说出这些物体的形状;说说生活中哪些物体是长方体(正方体)的?这些问题的答案虽然五花八门,但是真实反映了儿童在这方面的真实水平。这样了解儿童现有的经验老师才能有效地引导学生学习。
2、要重视数学活动和开展
活动是数学学习的重要特征。新课标十分重视数学活动和开展,指出:“教师应向儿童提供充分的从事数学活动的机会,帮助他们在自主探索的合作交流的过程中揭示规律,建立概念,真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能,数学思想与方法,获得广泛的数学活动经验。
例如,在教学“比高矮”一课时,我先请两位身高相差较大的同学站在前面,让大家判 断他们两个谁高、高矮。学生们一下子就判断 出来了。紧接着,我又请了两位身高相差不大的同学站在前面让大家接着判断谁高、谁矮。 这一下学生们可判断不出来了,该怎么办呢? “比个儿,”一个学生大声说。这时老师接着说:“大家会比个儿吗? 同桌的两个小朋友可以互相比一比”。听到指令,学生立刻行动起来了。学生们的想法还真多,有的背靠背站着比,有的共同靠着墙站,然后标个记号比;有的面对面站着比;还有的并排站着比;有的垫高以后再比…… 。然后,我让学生介绍并演示自己的方法。比得不好的学生我却让他们谈一谈自己是怎样比的,总结一下自己比得不好的原因。向儿童提供充分的从事数学活动的机会,帮助他们在自主探索的合作交流的过程中揭示规律,让学生真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能,数学思想与方法,获得广泛的数学活动经验。从而提高了学习的有效性。
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