区域构造背景与东北地区中—新生代盆地形成演化和改造的关系
推荐回答（1个）
东北亚大陆边缘地区中—新生代总体上经历了陆缘复杂洋区的扩张与闭合、微陆块或地体的碰撞与增生、安第斯型活动陆缘的形成与演变以及岛弧型活动陆缘形成与发展的过程,其中包括一系列局部与区域的构造事件与演化阶段。我国东北地区紧邻东北亚大陆边缘,区内发育的中—新生代含油气盆地是我国最重要的油气勘探与开发基地。虽然已对这些盆地有了较多研究,但目前对其形成与演化机制及其地球动力学背景等并不十分清楚,观点尚不一致。显然,我国东北地区中—新生代油气盆地发育历史与东北亚大陆边缘地区的构造演化具紧密联系,了解后者对于更好地认识和研究前者是有益的。
赵越等(1994)曾论述过东亚大地构造的重要转折,指出现今东亚大陆的雏形是在中生代期间由若干大小陆块拼合而成的,它是形成东亚环太平洋主动陆缘的基础,而真正构造格局的转变发生在中侏罗世的前后。由本书前面章节的论述来看,在东北亚大陆边缘地区也可以得出类似的结论。更具体的来说,东北亚地区大地构造的重要转折发生在中侏罗世末—晚侏罗世,这是东北亚大陆边缘地区总体轮廓的增生与形成时期。大约从晚侏罗世中、晚期开始,具有现今特征的东北亚环太平洋主动大陆边缘才真正开始活动与发展,其中白垩纪主要是安第斯型大陆边缘的形成发展时期,新生代主要是岛弧型大陆边缘的形成发展时期。这与晚中生代以来东北地区发育的盆地的主体构造线与环太平洋大陆边缘相一致的现象吻合,说明东侧活动大陆边缘的俯冲作用、弧后伸展或弧后裂谷作用以及板块聚敛速率的快慢等因素,可能是本区晚中生代以来盆地形成演化与改造的重要原因。而在转折期之前,三叠纪的印支运动是东北地区古亚洲构造域重要的陆内造山作用幕,形成主体近东西—北东向的叠加构造变形区带;与此同时(或略晚)在东北亚大陆的边缘地区则表现出较强的洋盆扩张作用,尤其是蒙古-鄂霍次克海地区扩张成为呈近东西—北东东向伸入大陆内部的大陆间洋盆,并在早—中侏罗世逐渐由西向东关闭。所以本区转折期之前的早一中侏罗世盆地总体上是处于造山期后、蒙古-鄂霍次克洋从扩张到封闭的演化背景之下,盆地的总体构造方向也与前者(区域造山带及蒙古-鄂霍次克构造带)基本一致,因此推测它们之间可能具有动力学联系。
本区中、新生代不同时期盆地的地球动力学特征将在后面有关章节中具体论述。
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