吴淞炮台湾湿地森林公园的历史沿革

2024-12-20 03:28:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

明崇祯十七年(1644年)清军入关后,控制了全国大部分地区。吴淞作为长江门户,长期处于激烈的争夺中。从清顺治八年(1651年)至十二年,明将张名振、张煌言的舰队曾4次进攻吴淞,3次攻入长江。顺治十六年,郑成功率大军进入长江,直逼南京,清朝政府受到极大震动。顺治十七年,江南总督郎廷佐奉命在黄埔江西岸吴淞杨家嘴口修筑炮台。康熙五十七年(1718年)又在杨家嘴对岸修筑炮台,两座炮台夹江对峙,东岸的炮台称东炮台,西岸的老炮台改称西炮台。
道光二十二年(1842年)鸦片战争进入第三年,五月初八日凌晨,英国侵略者向吴淞炮台大举进攻,江南水师提督陈化成在此与英军展开殊死搏斗。西炮台是吴淞口的主阵地,拥有175门大炮,东炮台只有20余门大炮,属辅助阵地。由于两江总督牛鉴临战逃窜,致陈化成陷入孤军作战,使西炮台陷入敌手。吴淞失守,长江门户洞开,侵略军长驱直入,迫使清政府在南京签订不平等条约。

鸦片战争后,海防形势发生变化,防御设施集中于黄埔江西岸。东炮台未再修复,西炮台则屡加改建。光绪十年(1884年)中法战争期间,法国军舰悍然封锁上海港口,拦截我国漕运民船,炮轰我国巡逻舰艇。
中法战争结束后,于光绪十二年(1886年)在吴淞南石塘北端增设北炮台,与西炮台互为犄角。光绪十五年(1889年),又在月浦长江岸边建狮子林炮台。光绪二十六年(1900年),自强军营务处总办沈敦和指挥士兵炸毁西炮台,遭到舆论谴责,各路御史纷纷奏本弹劾,沈敦和受撤职戌边处分,而西炮台终成一片废墟。
西炮台被毁后,清政府责令两江总督刘坤一“迅筹规复,以振南洋要口”。刘坤一委盛军统领班广盛在吴淞南石塘南端新筑一座炮台,称为南炮台,与北炮台首尾衔接,长750米,总称吴淞炮台。清末和民国初年吴淞炮台由驻沪军队重兵筑防。民国21年,“一·二八”淞沪抗战中,十九路军将士在炮台奋勇战斗,多次击退日军进攻,成为炮台湾的又一重要史实。
吴淞炮台湾湿地森林公园原址为长江滩涂地,其陆地从上世纪60年代起由钢渣陆续回填而成。为传承炮台湾悠远的历史文化,展示其丰富的人文景观,从21世纪开始,宝山区政府为改善区域生态环境,在这里规划建造森林湿地公园。经过多年的建设,公园于2007年正式落成。吴淞炮台湾湿地森林公园的设计突出“环境更新、生态恢复、文化重建”的理念,不仅让原有的滩涂湿地在建设中得到有效保护,并在沿江岸线一侧通过大小生态岛的组合,利用潮起潮落的水位变化,营造出了11公顷的湿地景观。二期工程南至公园一期范围边界、西至炮台山、北至长航码头、东至长江,面积约20公顷。围绕“1322”的规划结构及理念,即“一个主题,吴淞烽火台、长江口水文馆和世界河口广场三个项目,长江文化步道和吴淞风情雕塑两个通道,吴淞口地标和古炮台两表示等展开。

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