推荐回答(5个)
引发腹腔积水的疾病见于:1,心血管疾病;2,肝脏疾病;3,腹膜疾病;4,肾脏疾病;5,营养障碍性腹腔积水;6,其他原因:乳糜性腹腔积水,甲状腺功能减退.
腹腔积水的治疗,首先要针对原发病治疗,去除产生腹水的原因.其次,一般情况下,对发生腹水的患者,应采取以下措施:1,可先嘱咐其卧床安静休息,若呼吸困难时,可采取斜坡卧位.2,饮食暂时给予高蛋白饮食,并且限度钠盐的摄入,同时也要适当限制液体的摄入量(如气体饮料,水,稀粥等少食).
另外,腹腔积水的治疗以利尿为主,根据病情及患者的个体情况选用合适的利尿剂对症处理.至于穿刺放液,也是治疗腹腔积水的一种临床常用方法,解除腹水对膈肌的压迫,缓解患者的呼吸困难症状.注意,腹腔积水的穿刺部位选腹部最低点,常规消毒后放出腹水,而且每一次放液量不可过大.
腹腔积水
病由
由于血液和淋巴回流发生困难而引起大量液体积聚于腹腔。
这种回流困难的主要原因是静脉淤血的结果。
如慢性肝脏疾病(肝硬化、肝脓肿、肝肿瘤、实质性肝炎、日本裂体吸虫病等)、心脏疾病(心瓣膜病、慢性心包炎、心脏丝状虫病等)、肺脏病(慢性肺气肿、间质性肺炎、肺结核、肺肿瘤等)和肠系膜动脉、门静脉或大淋巴管被肿瘤压迫,常发生腹水。此外,某些血液疾病、肾脏疾病等也可引起废腹水。
症状
病犬食欲减退,被毛粗乱,粘膜苍白或发绀,脉搏快弱,体温正常,四肢水肿。最引入注目的症状是下腹部两侧对称性膨大,脐部突出,腰部凹陷。体位改变时,腹部的外形也随之改变。触诊腔壁不敏感,腹壁全部弛缓,下部紧张。如在一侧冲击腹壁,可在对侧腹壁看到或感到波动,并可听到击水音。叩诊两侧腹壁有对称性的等高水平的浊音。腹腔穿刺有大量漏出液,透明黄色,比重低于1.015,蛋白含量一般为1.2%,最高不超过3.5%。有大量上皮细胞、红细胞和白细胞。
诊断
根据视诊、触诊、叩诊的结果和腹腔穿刺液的检查(李瓦他氏反应阴性),可以确诊。临床上须与下列疾病鉴别:
腔膜炎
体温升高,全身症状明显,腔壁敏感,腹腔液比重大,李瓦他氏反应阳性。子宫积液
通过试验性穿、腹壁触诊及叩诊,可以区别。膀胱麻痹
可触诊到波动性的肿胀物,叩击时发出浊音。既使改变其体位,该肿胀物位置不变。治疗
应注意消除原发病,同时加强护理。强心利尿
可选用以下处方:利尿素1.5
g、狄吉他民2g、水100mg,每天分3-4次内服;
醋酸钾20g、碳酸氢钠4g、苦昧酐3mg,每天内服一食匙,每天3次;洋地黄浸汁0m1、醋酸钾20g、利尿素4g,每次内服一食匙,每天3次。缓泻
甘汞30-120mg,一次内服,或盐酸毛果芸香碱10mg,皮下注射。但心脏及肺脏有病者禁用。穿刺放液
穿刺部位可选腹部最低点,注意不可一次放液量过大,否则可引起虚脱。
通过中医疏通化纤法,治疗原发病即可,希望我们可以帮到你
肝硬化腹水之所以反反复复是因为肝脏硬化的源头问题始终未得到解决,肝脏的损伤、病变及硬化实际表现在细胞因子不足,内环境紊乱,肝细胞再生功能下降, 我们重点要做的工作是改善调动细胞因子功能,调节肝脏微生态环境,源头解决毒素淤积,五大通路(胆管、血管、微管、淋巴管以及神经纤维)拥堵等问题,源头阻断肝硬化发展进程,恢复肝脏功能,解决门脉高压症(腹水、出血、脾大、食管、胃底静脉曲张等致命并发症)。
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