什么是宾语补足语及其用法和意义

2024-12-29 04:09:38
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。

用法;

1、在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有:consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be+形容词或名词”结构,think,consider,find后的to be常可省略。

2、在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有:love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。

3、注意:hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

扩展资料;

能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如:

I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)

I saw the kite up and down. (up and down是副词做宾补)

Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)

1,名词或代词宾格+名词

They named the baby Jim. We call him Tom.

2, 名词或代词宾格+形容词

They painted the wall white. I always find her happy and gay(愉快).

3,名词或代词宾格+介宾短语

People praised(称赞) him as a national hero.

The next morning I found him at his machine again.

4,名词或代词宾格+动词不定式

We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.

The teacher helped him see his error(错误)。

5,名词或代词宾格+分词

I heard somebody knocking at the door.

He had his ankle sprained while playing football.他踢足球时把脚踝扭伤。

参考资料来源;百度百科——宾语补足语

回答2:

在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补.
比如说:
I heard Jean singing this morning.
句子中的Jean显然是宾语.但是主语I听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing.singing 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作.
句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)
I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)
*常跟复合宾语的动词有:call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard,see,recognize,treat,take,consider,look
up,refer
to,accept,acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce,employ(雇佣),use,show,organize,express
当感官动词和使役动词,如:
see hear notice watch hear feel observe(感官动词)
make have let(使役动词)
接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略.
在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带.
补充:简单句常见结构有:
"主+谓"结构:句子由主语和谓语两部分构成,谓语动词是不及物动词.
"主+谓+宾"结构:谓语动词是及物动词,后面接有宾语.
"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构:有一些句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征等,使句意完整.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.
如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的动宾关系,则宾补须用过去分词形式.如:Jenny
hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English
improved in a short period.
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语:
1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语.
这类动词有:consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等.这类动词后的不定式通常是"to
be+形容词或名词"结构,think,consider,find后的to be常可省略.
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
我们认为他是一个好老师.
He proved that theory (to be) very important.
他证明那个理论是很重要的.
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好,很诚实.
2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语.
这类动词有:love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等.
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
我希望你不要打扰他.
I don't want there to be any trouble.
我不想有任何麻烦.
3.注意:hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语.
I hope you can give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把.
I wish you to give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把.
He required us to be present at the meeting.
他要求我们出席会议.
Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.
李先生建议她不要独自去那里

回答3:

在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补.
比如说:
I heard Jean singing this morning.
句子中的Jean显然是宾语.但是主语I听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing.singing 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作.
句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)
I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)
*常跟复合宾语的动词有:call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard,see,recognize,treat,take,consider,look up,refer to,accept,acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce,employ(雇佣),use,show,organize,express
当感官动词和使役动词,如:
see hear notice watch hear feel observe(感官动词)
make have let(使役动词)
接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略.
在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带.
补充:简单句常见结构有:
"主+谓"结构:句子由主语和谓语两部分构成,谓语动词是不及物动词.
"主+谓+宾"结构:谓语动词是及物动词,后面接有宾语.
"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构:有一些句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征等,使句意完整.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.
如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的动宾关系,则宾补须用过去分词形式.如:Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语:
1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语.
这类动词有:consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等.这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构,think,consider,find后的to be常可省略.
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
我们认为他是一个好老师.
He proved that theory (to be) very important.
他证明那个理论是很重要的.
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好,很诚实.
2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语.
这类动词有:love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等.
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
我希望你不要打扰他.
I don't want there to be any trouble.
我不想有任何麻烦.
3.注意:hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语.
I hope you can give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把.
I wish you to give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把.
He required us to be present at the meeting.
他要求我们出席会议.
Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.
李先生建议她不要独自去那里.

回答4:

宾语补足语就是用来对宾语加以补充说明的文字,和宾语一起构成复合宾语.可做宾语补足语的通常有名词,形容词、副词、不定式,分词等.

宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.

I found him clever.

clever就是宾补,和him有主表的关系,即我们可以说:He is clever.

I saw her playing on the playground.playing就是宾补,和宾语her有主谓逻辑关系,即我们可以说:She is
playing.

宾语补足语是用来对宾语加以补充说明的通常是说明宾语的特征、性质、状态或者身份等。