推荐回答(2个)
齐白石画虾已入化境,在简括的笔墨中表现了游弋水中的群虾。粗壮、浓厚的茨菇,与群虾的透明、轻灵纤细形成对比,体现出晚年的齐白石画艺的成熟。
齐白石画虾表现出了虾的形态,活泼、灵敏、机警,有生命力。是因为齐白石掌握了虾的特征,所以画起来得心应手。寥寥几笔,用墨色的深浅浓淡,表现出一种动感。一对浓墨眼睛,脑袋中间用一点焦墨,左右二笔淡墨,于是使虾的头部变化多端。硬壳透明,由深到浅。而虾的腰部,一笔一节,连续数笔,形成了虾腰节奏的由粗渐细。
齐白石用笔的变化,使虾的腰部呈现各种异态,有躬腰向前的,有直腰游荡的。也有弯腰爬行的。虾的尾部也是寥寥几笔,既有弹力,又有透明感。虾的一对前爪,由细而粗,数节之间直到两螯,形似钳子,有开有合。虾的触须用数条淡墨线画出。
取舍:对水中的虾,为表现出那种透视感,齐白石的线条有虚有实,简略得宜,似柔实刚,似断实连,直中有曲,乱小有序,纸上之虾似在水中嬉戏游动,触须也像似动非动
水墨画鱼类,虽看似粗略几笔,齐白石对原物却观察得异常仔细,并抓住其主要特征进行刻画。他晚年曾对弟子胡絮青说:“鲫鱼腮旁有一条灰白的线,直通鱼尾,从这条线可以计算它身上有若干鳞片……画画的人如能这么仔细地去研究它,在画它时就不会马虎的了。”
齐白石画虾最享誉于世。他早期画虾,基本上是青虾(河虾)的造型,且多是游动的群虾,用小号羊毫笔,其质感和透明度不强,虾的腿和须画得短密且欠弹性,后腿呈排列状且多至八九条。
为求神似,老人70岁后画虾,一改早年画法,加大并明确了虾身的起伏角度,同时对虾的游足也一删早年时的繁多,始而画游足五只,虾壳的质感和透明感也得到加强。 80岁后他删繁就简,已不再画繁复的虾群,只为几只虾传神。画虾变化最明显的是他把虾头前面的短须省去,仅画六条大须。虾须的简化,使得画幅的空间加大,突出了虾的游动神态。三四尺条幅,画虾仅四五只,却足可使画幅充盈。
主要有以下特征:一、简练概括,经过一个由繁到简的审美考量过程,曾一度将虾身由六节缩为五节,虾的挠足也进行了删减,完成了白石虾品牌的创造。二、墨法高超,晶莹剔透。齐白石自创的“以水点墨,墨中点水”的方法,使他画的虾产生一种通体透明,晶莹逼真之感。三、局部夸张,适度变形。为了突出虾的动感,对“虾须”、“虾钳”进行适度夸张放大,超长的虾须与虾钳明显增强了虾的灵动与动势。四、聚散有法,布局讲究。画虾之难在于如何巧妙地处理肢体的穿插,叠加和呼应,做到疏密安排得当,拥而不挤,密而不乱。五、以书入画,绵中带刚。尽管在画虾中墨法为主,不见了白石老人在其他花鸟画中常见的高超的“飞白”表现,但非凡的书法功力,融汇到画虾的具体细节中去,让他的虾“点线”面的处理中,处处软中含硬,润中有刚。六、活灵活现,生动传神。齐白石画虾的最大特点是一个“活”字,他画的虾只只可以跃然纸上,活力四射。
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